An Ultra-Low-Leakage Microcontroller With Configurable Power Management for Energy Harvesting IoT Devices

An Ultra-Low-Leakage Microcontroller With Configurable Power Management for Energy Harvesting IoT Devices

This paper presents a power management unit (PMU) architecture designed for energy-harvesting IoT devices, integrating a dual-capacitor system, an ultra-low-leakage balloon-based microcontroller (MCU), and a fully digital controller. The PMU dynamically switches between an active capacitor, an idle...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shima Sedighiani, Bram van Bolderik, Barry de Bruin, Kamlesh Singh, Roel Jordans, Pieter Harpe, Jose Pineda de Gyvez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Energy harvesting
IoT devices
microcontroller
power management unit
ultra-low power
voltage monitor
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10933974/
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Summary:This paper presents a power management unit (PMU) architecture designed for energy-harvesting IoT devices, integrating a dual-capacitor system, an ultra-low-leakage balloon-based microcontroller (MCU), and a fully digital controller. The PMU dynamically switches between an active capacitor, an idle capacitor, and a backup battery, optimizing energy use in different operational modes. This configuration optimizes capacitor voltages for various operational modes, applying a higher voltage to the active capacitor for enhanced performance and a lower voltage to the idle capacitor for ultra-low-leakage data retention. Additionally, a fully digital PMU controller replaces conventional analog components, leveraging a digital voltage monitor and converter-free voltage regulation. The test chip is designed and fabricated using a 28-nm FD-SOI technology. The balloon-based MCU measurement shows that it can retain data during idle mode with a power consumption of only 3nW at 0.6V, achieving a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4400 \times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in leakage power compared to conventional MCUs without balloon memory. Furthermore, the results of the system measurement demonstrate a substantial reduction in battery usage from 88% in traditional setups to 0%, while ensuring continuous operation and data retention.
ISSN:2169-3536

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