How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approach

Objectives This study establishes a research model based on the theories of affordance and the theory of psychological empowerment to understand users’ intentions in using artificial intelligence–based medical consultations (AIMCs), offering implications for their effective design. Methods A two-sta...

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Main Authors: Song Zhang, Benhao Han, Mengnan Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:Digital Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251350001
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author Song Zhang
Benhao Han
Mengnan Fan
author_facet Song Zhang
Benhao Han
Mengnan Fan
author_sort Song Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Objectives This study establishes a research model based on the theories of affordance and the theory of psychological empowerment to understand users’ intentions in using artificial intelligence–based medical consultations (AIMCs), offering implications for their effective design. Methods A two-stage mixed-methods research design was employed. The first stage involved qualitative interviews to conceptualize the main affordances of AIMCs and usage intentions, and the second phase comprised a quantitative study with 425 valid samples analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results The research results identified four AIMC affordances (i.e., human–AI interaction, human-like diagnosis, personalized treatment, and health information security) and two usage intentions (i.e., assist health decisions, and relieve health anxiety). The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that the four affordances significantly enhance perceived cognitive empowerment, whereas three affordances (excluding health information security) positively influence perceived emotional empowerment. Both cognitive and emotional empowerments were found to significantly affect users’ AIMCs usage intentions. Additionally, we found that different disease types (acute and chronic) play an important moderating role in the relationship between perceived cognitive empowerment and relieve health anxiety. Conclusions To increase psychological motivation and user adoption, AIMCs should be optimized with intuitive interactions, human-like diagnoses, and personalized care, while features should be tailored to the needs associated with acute and chronic conditions. On the basis of affordance and psychological empowerment theories, this study provides actionable insights for the development, design, and implementation of AIMCs.
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spelling doaj-art-21aea57cc1a9444f8bbd76015bb88fac2025-08-20T03:31:24ZengSAGE PublishingDigital Health2055-20762025-06-011110.1177/20552076251350001How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approachSong ZhangBenhao HanMengnan FanObjectives This study establishes a research model based on the theories of affordance and the theory of psychological empowerment to understand users’ intentions in using artificial intelligence–based medical consultations (AIMCs), offering implications for their effective design. Methods A two-stage mixed-methods research design was employed. The first stage involved qualitative interviews to conceptualize the main affordances of AIMCs and usage intentions, and the second phase comprised a quantitative study with 425 valid samples analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results The research results identified four AIMC affordances (i.e., human–AI interaction, human-like diagnosis, personalized treatment, and health information security) and two usage intentions (i.e., assist health decisions, and relieve health anxiety). The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that the four affordances significantly enhance perceived cognitive empowerment, whereas three affordances (excluding health information security) positively influence perceived emotional empowerment. Both cognitive and emotional empowerments were found to significantly affect users’ AIMCs usage intentions. Additionally, we found that different disease types (acute and chronic) play an important moderating role in the relationship between perceived cognitive empowerment and relieve health anxiety. Conclusions To increase psychological motivation and user adoption, AIMCs should be optimized with intuitive interactions, human-like diagnoses, and personalized care, while features should be tailored to the needs associated with acute and chronic conditions. On the basis of affordance and psychological empowerment theories, this study provides actionable insights for the development, design, and implementation of AIMCs.https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251350001
spellingShingle Song Zhang
Benhao Han
Mengnan Fan
How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approach
Digital Health
title How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approach
title_full How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approach
title_fullStr How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approach
title_full_unstemmed How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approach
title_short How the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting AI-based medical consultation usage: A mixed-methods approach
title_sort how the affordance and psychological empowerment promoting ai based medical consultation usage a mixed methods approach
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251350001
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