Could work-related muscle activity explain sex differences in neck pain? A meta-analysis of a pooled dataset

OBJECTIVES: Sustained activity of the upper trapezius muscle during work has been linked to the development of neck pain. Women have higher occurrences of neck pain than men, even in the same occupations. This study aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between upper trapezius muscle activi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Markus Koch, Lars-Kristian Lunde, Mikael Forsman, Lars Louis Andersen, Markus Due Jakobsen, Mikkel Brandt, Henrik Enquist, Gisela Sjøgaard, Karen Søgaard, Xuelong Fan, Kaj Bo Veiersted
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH) 2025-07-01
Series:Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
Subjects:
Online Access: https://www.sjweh.fi/article/4227
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:OBJECTIVES: Sustained activity of the upper trapezius muscle during work has been linked to the development of neck pain. Women have higher occurrences of neck pain than men, even in the same occupations. This study aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between upper trapezius muscle activity time-related variables and neck pain using a meta-analysis of pooled data. METHODS: Seven Scandinavian research institutes provided surface electromyographic (EMG) data on the upper trapezius muscle activity during work and related questionnaire-based data on neck pain severity. EMG and questionnaire data were harmonized and pooled. Associations between upper trapezius muscle activity variables [median muscle activity, frequency of muscular rest periods, and periods with sustained muscle activity (SUMA)] and neck pain severity were investigated separately for women (N=293) and men (N=418) using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional analyses, women showed significant positive associations between the number of short SUMA periods and negative associations for long SUMA periods in regard to neck pain severity. In the longitudinal analyses, women showed no significant associations. In the cross-sectional analysis for men, one significant positive association was found between median upper trapezius muscle activity and neck pain severity. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to men, neck pain severity among women appears to be more dependent on upper trapezius muscle activity patterns at work. Therefore, ergonomic and organizational recommendations for work should be sex-specific or adjusted for women to reduce their prevalence of neck pain. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these sex differences.
ISSN:0355-3140
1795-990X