Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome

Non-neoplastic hypercortisolaemia, also known as pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome (PCS), is a physiological overactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis that can be triggered by conditions such as depression, eating disorders, extreme exercise, obesity, alcoholism, poorly controlled diabetes,...

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Main Authors: Małgorzata Bobrowicz, Anna Nagórska, Anna Karpiłowska, Marek Rosłon, Joanna Hubska, Adrianna Gładka, Sadegh Toutounchi, Łukasz Koperski, Urszula Ambroziak
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1491873/full
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author Małgorzata Bobrowicz
Anna Nagórska
Anna Karpiłowska
Marek Rosłon
Joanna Hubska
Joanna Hubska
Adrianna Gładka
Sadegh Toutounchi
Łukasz Koperski
Urszula Ambroziak
author_facet Małgorzata Bobrowicz
Anna Nagórska
Anna Karpiłowska
Marek Rosłon
Joanna Hubska
Joanna Hubska
Adrianna Gładka
Sadegh Toutounchi
Łukasz Koperski
Urszula Ambroziak
author_sort Małgorzata Bobrowicz
collection DOAJ
description Non-neoplastic hypercortisolaemia, also known as pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome (PCS), is a physiological overactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis that can be triggered by conditions such as depression, eating disorders, extreme exercise, obesity, alcoholism, poorly controlled diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cachexia. Here, we describe an unusual case of pheochromocytoma-induced PCS. A 66-year-old woman was referred to the hospital due to pronounced weakness, loss of appetite, apathy, weight loss, newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, and poorly controlled hypertension. The biochemical evaluation suggested ACTH-dependent hypercortisolemia with severe hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hyperglycemia. Markedly elevated levels of metanephrines, along with imaging showing a heterogeneous adrenal lesion, provided evidence for pheochromocytoma. Considering the clinical features and the results of laboratory and imaging tests, there was a suspicion of hypercortisolemia due to ectopic ACTH secretion by a pheochromocytoma. The patient underwent adrenalectomy following pre-treatment with doxazosin and metyrapone, enteral feeding, protein supplementation, and insulin administration. Post-surgery, the patient did not require further antidiabetic medication, experienced gradual weight gain, improved well-being, and did not need glucocorticoid supplementation. Histopathological examination confirmed a pheochromocytoma; however, both anti-ACTH and anti-CRH stainings were negative, leading to a diagnosis of PCS. This case highlights the distinctive presentation of PCS caused by pheochromocytoma, as demonstrated through clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings, and emphasizes the successful resolution achieved through adrenalectomy and supportive care.
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spelling doaj-art-219c951f245c4a2ab35149465792f4d12025-08-20T03:21:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922024-12-011510.3389/fendo.2024.14918731491873Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndromeMałgorzata Bobrowicz0Anna Nagórska1Anna Karpiłowska2Marek Rosłon3Joanna Hubska4Joanna Hubska5Adrianna Gładka6Sadegh Toutounchi7Łukasz Koperski8Urszula Ambroziak9Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDoctoral School of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandNon-neoplastic hypercortisolaemia, also known as pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome (PCS), is a physiological overactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis that can be triggered by conditions such as depression, eating disorders, extreme exercise, obesity, alcoholism, poorly controlled diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cachexia. Here, we describe an unusual case of pheochromocytoma-induced PCS. A 66-year-old woman was referred to the hospital due to pronounced weakness, loss of appetite, apathy, weight loss, newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, and poorly controlled hypertension. The biochemical evaluation suggested ACTH-dependent hypercortisolemia with severe hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hyperglycemia. Markedly elevated levels of metanephrines, along with imaging showing a heterogeneous adrenal lesion, provided evidence for pheochromocytoma. Considering the clinical features and the results of laboratory and imaging tests, there was a suspicion of hypercortisolemia due to ectopic ACTH secretion by a pheochromocytoma. The patient underwent adrenalectomy following pre-treatment with doxazosin and metyrapone, enteral feeding, protein supplementation, and insulin administration. Post-surgery, the patient did not require further antidiabetic medication, experienced gradual weight gain, improved well-being, and did not need glucocorticoid supplementation. Histopathological examination confirmed a pheochromocytoma; however, both anti-ACTH and anti-CRH stainings were negative, leading to a diagnosis of PCS. This case highlights the distinctive presentation of PCS caused by pheochromocytoma, as demonstrated through clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings, and emphasizes the successful resolution achieved through adrenalectomy and supportive care.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1491873/fullpseudo-Cushing’s syndromeectopic ACTH secretionhypercortisolaemiapheochromocytomacachexia
spellingShingle Małgorzata Bobrowicz
Anna Nagórska
Anna Karpiłowska
Marek Rosłon
Joanna Hubska
Joanna Hubska
Adrianna Gładka
Sadegh Toutounchi
Łukasz Koperski
Urszula Ambroziak
Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
Frontiers in Endocrinology
pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
ectopic ACTH secretion
hypercortisolaemia
pheochromocytoma
cachexia
title Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
title_full Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
title_fullStr Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
title_short Case report: Pheochromocytoma-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
title_sort case report pheochromocytoma induced pseudo cushing s syndrome
topic pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
ectopic ACTH secretion
hypercortisolaemia
pheochromocytoma
cachexia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1491873/full
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