Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compounds

In the field of green sample preparation, new challenges are emerging for guaranteeing sustainability of analytical procedures and remarkable efforts have been made to develop materials from natural and/or renewable sources. In such a scenario, biochar is emerging as alternative sorbent with low eco...

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Main Authors: Francesca Merlo, Andrea Speltini, Antonella Profumo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Advances in Sample Preparation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582025000567
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author Francesca Merlo
Andrea Speltini
Antonella Profumo
author_facet Francesca Merlo
Andrea Speltini
Antonella Profumo
author_sort Francesca Merlo
collection DOAJ
description In the field of green sample preparation, new challenges are emerging for guaranteeing sustainability of analytical procedures and remarkable efforts have been made to develop materials from natural and/or renewable sources. In such a scenario, biochar is emerging as alternative sorbent with low economic and environmental impact. It is a carbon-rich material derived from the thermochemical conversion of biomass and waste and endowed with excellent textural properties such as high specific surface area and meso‑ and microporosity, and functional groups that are fundamental for the sorption behaviour, a key point in the analytical performance of biochar. These outstanding properties generated a growing interest in the use of biochar-based sorbents in sample preparation. In this context, this review provides an overview of the last 4-year applications of biochar in extraction techniques through an evaluation of greenness of the sample preparation procedures. At this purpose, two metric tools specific for the sample preparation, as AGREEprep and Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS), have been selected to give comprehensive evaluations about greenness, considering multiple criteria but with different weights and intervals in the parameters. Indeed, the papers here reviewed received in SPMS scores ranging from 5.16 to 10, and in AGREEprep from 0.16 to 0.7, evidencing there is space for improving extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents.
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spelling doaj-art-219c3c3de93b445fa5859f2eb918a6182025-08-20T03:58:21ZengElsevierAdvances in Sample Preparation2772-58202025-08-011510020310.1016/j.sampre.2025.100203Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compoundsFrancesca Merlo0Andrea Speltini1Antonella Profumo2Corresponding author.; Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, ItalyIn the field of green sample preparation, new challenges are emerging for guaranteeing sustainability of analytical procedures and remarkable efforts have been made to develop materials from natural and/or renewable sources. In such a scenario, biochar is emerging as alternative sorbent with low economic and environmental impact. It is a carbon-rich material derived from the thermochemical conversion of biomass and waste and endowed with excellent textural properties such as high specific surface area and meso‑ and microporosity, and functional groups that are fundamental for the sorption behaviour, a key point in the analytical performance of biochar. These outstanding properties generated a growing interest in the use of biochar-based sorbents in sample preparation. In this context, this review provides an overview of the last 4-year applications of biochar in extraction techniques through an evaluation of greenness of the sample preparation procedures. At this purpose, two metric tools specific for the sample preparation, as AGREEprep and Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS), have been selected to give comprehensive evaluations about greenness, considering multiple criteria but with different weights and intervals in the parameters. Indeed, the papers here reviewed received in SPMS scores ranging from 5.16 to 10, and in AGREEprep from 0.16 to 0.7, evidencing there is space for improving extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582025000567BiocharSorbentGreen sample preparationGreenness evaluationMetric toolsOrganic contaminants
spellingShingle Francesca Merlo
Andrea Speltini
Antonella Profumo
Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compounds
Advances in Sample Preparation
Biochar
Sorbent
Green sample preparation
Greenness evaluation
Metric tools
Organic contaminants
title Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compounds
title_full Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compounds
title_fullStr Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compounds
title_full_unstemmed Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compounds
title_short Greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar-based sorbents for organic compounds
title_sort greenness of extraction procedures involving biochar based sorbents for organic compounds
topic Biochar
Sorbent
Green sample preparation
Greenness evaluation
Metric tools
Organic contaminants
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582025000567
work_keys_str_mv AT francescamerlo greennessofextractionproceduresinvolvingbiocharbasedsorbentsfororganiccompounds
AT andreaspeltini greennessofextractionproceduresinvolvingbiocharbasedsorbentsfororganiccompounds
AT antonellaprofumo greennessofextractionproceduresinvolvingbiocharbasedsorbentsfororganiccompounds