Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.

Enterocytes are specialized epithelial cells lining the luminal surface of the small intestine that build densely packed arrays of microvilli known as brush borders. These microvilli drive nutrient absorption and are arranged in a hexagonal pattern maintained by intermicrovillar links formed by 2 no...

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Main Authors: Michelle E Gray, Zachary R Johnson, Debadrita Modak, Elakkiya Tamilselvan, Matthew J Tyska, Marcos Sotomayor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-12-01
Series:PLoS Biology
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001463&type=printable
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author Michelle E Gray
Zachary R Johnson
Debadrita Modak
Elakkiya Tamilselvan
Matthew J Tyska
Marcos Sotomayor
author_facet Michelle E Gray
Zachary R Johnson
Debadrita Modak
Elakkiya Tamilselvan
Matthew J Tyska
Marcos Sotomayor
author_sort Michelle E Gray
collection DOAJ
description Enterocytes are specialized epithelial cells lining the luminal surface of the small intestine that build densely packed arrays of microvilli known as brush borders. These microvilli drive nutrient absorption and are arranged in a hexagonal pattern maintained by intermicrovillar links formed by 2 nonclassical members of the cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins: protocadherin-24 (PCDH24, also known as CDHR2) and the mucin-like protocadherin (CDHR5). The extracellular domains of these proteins are involved in heterophilic and homophilic interactions important for intermicrovillar function, yet the structural determinants of these interactions remain unresolved. Here, we present X-ray crystal structures of the PCDH24 and CDHR5 extracellular tips and analyze their species-specific features relevant for adhesive interactions. In parallel, we use binding assays to identify the PCDH24 and CDHR5 domains involved in both heterophilic and homophilic adhesion for human and mouse proteins. Our results suggest that homophilic and heterophilic interactions involving PCDH24 and CDHR5 are species dependent with unique and distinct minimal adhesive units.
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issn 1544-9173
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language English
publishDate 2021-12-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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spelling doaj-art-215bf8647f1b45f5ab50523fae5d7bc62025-08-20T02:55:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852021-12-011912e300146310.1371/journal.pbio.3001463Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.Michelle E GrayZachary R JohnsonDebadrita ModakElakkiya TamilselvanMatthew J TyskaMarcos SotomayorEnterocytes are specialized epithelial cells lining the luminal surface of the small intestine that build densely packed arrays of microvilli known as brush borders. These microvilli drive nutrient absorption and are arranged in a hexagonal pattern maintained by intermicrovillar links formed by 2 nonclassical members of the cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins: protocadherin-24 (PCDH24, also known as CDHR2) and the mucin-like protocadherin (CDHR5). The extracellular domains of these proteins are involved in heterophilic and homophilic interactions important for intermicrovillar function, yet the structural determinants of these interactions remain unresolved. Here, we present X-ray crystal structures of the PCDH24 and CDHR5 extracellular tips and analyze their species-specific features relevant for adhesive interactions. In parallel, we use binding assays to identify the PCDH24 and CDHR5 domains involved in both heterophilic and homophilic adhesion for human and mouse proteins. Our results suggest that homophilic and heterophilic interactions involving PCDH24 and CDHR5 are species dependent with unique and distinct minimal adhesive units.https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001463&type=printable
spellingShingle Michelle E Gray
Zachary R Johnson
Debadrita Modak
Elakkiya Tamilselvan
Matthew J Tyska
Marcos Sotomayor
Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.
PLoS Biology
title Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.
title_full Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.
title_fullStr Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.
title_full_unstemmed Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.
title_short Heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent.
title_sort heterophilic and homophilic cadherin interactions in intestinal intermicrovillar links are species dependent
url https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001463&type=printable
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AT debadritamodak heterophilicandhomophiliccadherininteractionsinintestinalintermicrovillarlinksarespeciesdependent
AT elakkiyatamilselvan heterophilicandhomophiliccadherininteractionsinintestinalintermicrovillarlinksarespeciesdependent
AT matthewjtyska heterophilicandhomophiliccadherininteractionsinintestinalintermicrovillarlinksarespeciesdependent
AT marcossotomayor heterophilicandhomophiliccadherininteractionsinintestinalintermicrovillarlinksarespeciesdependent