Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration
The ongoing transformation of district heating systems (DHSs) aims to reduce emissions and increase renewable energy sources. The objective of this work is to integrate solar thermal (ST) and seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) in various scenarios applied to a large DHS. Mixed-integer li...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Joana Verheyen Christian Thommessen Jürgen Roes Harry Hoster |
| author_facet | Joana Verheyen Christian Thommessen Jürgen Roes Harry Hoster |
| author_sort | Joana Verheyen |
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| description | The ongoing transformation of district heating systems (DHSs) aims to reduce emissions and increase renewable energy sources. The objective of this work is to integrate solar thermal (ST) and seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) in various scenarios applied to a large DHS. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is used to develop a comprehensive model that minimizes operating costs, including heat pumps (HPs), combined heat and power (CHP) units, electric heat boilers (EHBs), heat-only boilers (HOBs), short-term thermal energy storage (TES), and ATES. Different ATES scenarios are compared to a reference without seasonal TES (potential of 15.3 GWh of ST). An ATES system with an injection well temperature of about 55 °C has an overall efficiency of 49.8% (58.6% with additional HPs) and increases the integrable amount of ST by 178% (42.5 GWh). For the scenario with an injection well temperature of 20 °C and HPs, the efficiency is 86.6% and ST is increased by 276% (57.5 GWh). The HOB heat supply is reduced by 8.9% up to 36.6%. However, the integration of an ATES is not always economically or environmentally beneficial. There is a high dependency on the configurations, prices, or emissions allocated to electricity procurement. Further research is of interest to investigate the sensitivity of the correlations and to apply a multi-objective MILP optimization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-21547810d86b42958cd8a8b768c267cd |
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| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-21547810d86b42958cd8a8b768c267cd2025-08-20T02:12:41ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118364510.3390/en18030645Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal IntegrationJoana Verheyen0Christian Thommessen1Jürgen Roes2Harry Hoster3Chair of Energy Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, GermanyChair of Energy Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, GermanyChair of Energy Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, GermanyChair of Energy Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, GermanyThe ongoing transformation of district heating systems (DHSs) aims to reduce emissions and increase renewable energy sources. The objective of this work is to integrate solar thermal (ST) and seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) in various scenarios applied to a large DHS. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is used to develop a comprehensive model that minimizes operating costs, including heat pumps (HPs), combined heat and power (CHP) units, electric heat boilers (EHBs), heat-only boilers (HOBs), short-term thermal energy storage (TES), and ATES. Different ATES scenarios are compared to a reference without seasonal TES (potential of 15.3 GWh of ST). An ATES system with an injection well temperature of about 55 °C has an overall efficiency of 49.8% (58.6% with additional HPs) and increases the integrable amount of ST by 178% (42.5 GWh). For the scenario with an injection well temperature of 20 °C and HPs, the efficiency is 86.6% and ST is increased by 276% (57.5 GWh). The HOB heat supply is reduced by 8.9% up to 36.6%. However, the integration of an ATES is not always economically or environmentally beneficial. There is a high dependency on the configurations, prices, or emissions allocated to electricity procurement. Further research is of interest to investigate the sensitivity of the correlations and to apply a multi-objective MILP optimization.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/645district heating systemsmixed-integer linear programmingseasonal aquifer thermal energy storagesolar thermal systems |
| spellingShingle | Joana Verheyen Christian Thommessen Jürgen Roes Harry Hoster Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration Energies district heating systems mixed-integer linear programming seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage solar thermal systems |
| title | Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration |
| title_full | Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration |
| title_fullStr | Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration |
| title_short | Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration |
| title_sort | effects on the unit commitment of a district heating system due to seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage and solar thermal integration |
| topic | district heating systems mixed-integer linear programming seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage solar thermal systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/645 |
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