Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea
<p>We constructed a coupled physical–ecosystem model with a tracking module to evaluate the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and river water on nutrient distribution and phytoplankton growth in Toyama Bay, a deep bay in the Japan Sea (Sea of Japan). The tracking technique all...
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| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Biogeosciences |
| Online Access: | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/2383/2025/bg-22-2383-2025.pdf |
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| author | M. Dong X. Guo T. Matsuura T. Tebakari J. Zhang |
| author_facet | M. Dong X. Guo T. Matsuura T. Tebakari J. Zhang |
| author_sort | M. Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>We constructed a coupled physical–ecosystem model with a tracking module to evaluate the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and river water on nutrient distribution and phytoplankton growth in Toyama Bay, a deep bay in the Japan Sea (Sea of Japan). The tracking technique allows us to distinguish SGD- and river-derived nutrients in the bay and evaluate their contributions to the nutrient inventory and phytoplankton growth. Horizontally, SGD-derived nutrients were primarily distributed within a narrow band from the coastline (<span class="inline-formula"><3</span> km), and vertically, they were abundant in the middle and bottom layers (<span class="inline-formula">>5</span> m depth). Because of the buoyancy of SGD, SGD-derived nutrients were transported upward to the surface layer and used by the phytoplankton for growth. The contribution of SGD-derived nutrients to phytoplankton growth within a narrow band from the coastline is highest from June to August, exceeding 10 %, with an annual average of 4 %. On the other hand, river water exerted a greater effect on phytoplankton growth than SGD did, on both the spatial range and the amount of phytoplankton biomass. Due to the different distributions of river- and SGD-derived nutrients, their proportions used by phytoplankton differed from coastal to offshore areas. These findings enhance our understanding of the coastal ecosystems affected by land water.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2140f07184a445ec8debed8edff7efd2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1726-4170 1726-4189 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biogeosciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-2140f07184a445ec8debed8edff7efd22025-08-20T01:54:22ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892025-05-01222383240210.5194/bg-22-2383-2025Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan SeaM. Dong0X. Guo1T. Matsuura2T. Tebakari3J. Zhang4State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaCenter for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, JapanGraduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Yamanashi University, Kofu, JapanCivil, Human and Environmental Science and Engineering Course, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, JapanFaculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan<p>We constructed a coupled physical–ecosystem model with a tracking module to evaluate the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and river water on nutrient distribution and phytoplankton growth in Toyama Bay, a deep bay in the Japan Sea (Sea of Japan). The tracking technique allows us to distinguish SGD- and river-derived nutrients in the bay and evaluate their contributions to the nutrient inventory and phytoplankton growth. Horizontally, SGD-derived nutrients were primarily distributed within a narrow band from the coastline (<span class="inline-formula"><3</span> km), and vertically, they were abundant in the middle and bottom layers (<span class="inline-formula">>5</span> m depth). Because of the buoyancy of SGD, SGD-derived nutrients were transported upward to the surface layer and used by the phytoplankton for growth. The contribution of SGD-derived nutrients to phytoplankton growth within a narrow band from the coastline is highest from June to August, exceeding 10 %, with an annual average of 4 %. On the other hand, river water exerted a greater effect on phytoplankton growth than SGD did, on both the spatial range and the amount of phytoplankton biomass. Due to the different distributions of river- and SGD-derived nutrients, their proportions used by phytoplankton differed from coastal to offshore areas. These findings enhance our understanding of the coastal ecosystems affected by land water.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/2383/2025/bg-22-2383-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Dong X. Guo T. Matsuura T. Tebakari J. Zhang Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea Biogeosciences |
| title | Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea |
| title_full | Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea |
| title_fullStr | Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea |
| title_short | Effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the Japan Sea |
| title_sort | effects of submarine groundwater on nutrient concentration and primary production in a deep bay of the japan sea |
| url | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/2383/2025/bg-22-2383-2025.pdf |
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