The longitudinal impact of low-dose morphine on diurnal cortisol profiles in people with chronic breathlessness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): an exploratory study
Abstract Introduction Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of which cortisol is an end product. ‘Allostatic load’ is where systems including the HPA axis are exposed to high, cumulative, physiologic burdens (such as chronic breathlessness) leading to flatter diurnal cortiso...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Respiratory Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03230-9 |
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