Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature review

Engaging participants in Health Systems Strengthening (HSS) facilitates a more person-centred approach that better addresses the complex interplay within health systems and helps to bridge the gap between knowledge and practical application. Although various participatory approaches are already used...

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Main Authors: Jesse David Marinus, Chaïm la Roi, Christiaan Boerma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Social Sciences and Humanities Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291124004431
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author Jesse David Marinus
Chaïm la Roi
Christiaan Boerma
author_facet Jesse David Marinus
Chaïm la Roi
Christiaan Boerma
author_sort Jesse David Marinus
collection DOAJ
description Engaging participants in Health Systems Strengthening (HSS) facilitates a more person-centred approach that better addresses the complex interplay within health systems and helps to bridge the gap between knowledge and practical application. Although various participatory approaches are already used, it remains unclear how, where, and why participants are engaged within HSS. This systematic literature review investigates the extent of participant engagement, the motivations behind participatory approaches, and the specific health system building blocks that are researched. A comprehensive search identified 140 empirical studies published in English up to May 2023, selected for their focus on HSS and use of participatory approaches involving communities, patients, or citizens. Data were synthesised to assess levels of engagement, motivations, and the health system building blocks targeted.Findings reveal that, while participatory HSS studies are increasing in popularity, most studies engage participants primarily in advisory or support roles, with decision-making largely retained by academic researchers, reflecting limited levels of engagement. Common motivations for using participatory approaches include creating change and addressing power dynamics. Additionally, most studies focus on service delivery, with less attention to other critical building blocks, such as health workforce, information systems, and financing. The review further reveals that Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) and Participatory Action Research (PAR) are the most frequently utilised approaches; however, no substantial differences in engagement levels or motivations were found between the different approaches. But overall, there is a notable lack of documentation regarding participant engagement, which compromises scientific rigour.This review highlights the need to expand focus beyond service delivery to underrepresented health system building blocks and calls for improved documentation of engagement processes and motivations to advance the field of participatory HSS.
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spelling doaj-art-20fbb92b59084d1aabedba78b2af7c0d2025-08-20T03:23:01ZengElsevierSocial Sciences and Humanities Open2590-29112025-01-011110124610.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101246Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature reviewJesse David Marinus0Chaïm la Roi1Christiaan Boerma2Department of Sustainable Health, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Planbureau Fryslân, Doelestraat 8a, 8911 DX, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Corresponding author. Doelestraat 8a, 8911 DX, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.Planbureau Fryslân, Doelestraat 8a, 8911 DX, Leeuwarden, the NetherlandsDepartment of Sustainable Health, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD, Leeuwarden, the NetherlandsEngaging participants in Health Systems Strengthening (HSS) facilitates a more person-centred approach that better addresses the complex interplay within health systems and helps to bridge the gap between knowledge and practical application. Although various participatory approaches are already used, it remains unclear how, where, and why participants are engaged within HSS. This systematic literature review investigates the extent of participant engagement, the motivations behind participatory approaches, and the specific health system building blocks that are researched. A comprehensive search identified 140 empirical studies published in English up to May 2023, selected for their focus on HSS and use of participatory approaches involving communities, patients, or citizens. Data were synthesised to assess levels of engagement, motivations, and the health system building blocks targeted.Findings reveal that, while participatory HSS studies are increasing in popularity, most studies engage participants primarily in advisory or support roles, with decision-making largely retained by academic researchers, reflecting limited levels of engagement. Common motivations for using participatory approaches include creating change and addressing power dynamics. Additionally, most studies focus on service delivery, with less attention to other critical building blocks, such as health workforce, information systems, and financing. The review further reveals that Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) and Participatory Action Research (PAR) are the most frequently utilised approaches; however, no substantial differences in engagement levels or motivations were found between the different approaches. But overall, there is a notable lack of documentation regarding participant engagement, which compromises scientific rigour.This review highlights the need to expand focus beyond service delivery to underrepresented health system building blocks and calls for improved documentation of engagement processes and motivations to advance the field of participatory HSS.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291124004431Participatory health systems strengtheningCommunity-based participatory researchParticipatory action researchEngagement levelsHealth systemsBuilding blocks
spellingShingle Jesse David Marinus
Chaïm la Roi
Christiaan Boerma
Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature review
Social Sciences and Humanities Open
Participatory health systems strengthening
Community-based participatory research
Participatory action research
Engagement levels
Health systems
Building blocks
title Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature review
title_full Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature review
title_fullStr Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature review
title_full_unstemmed Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature review
title_short Levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening: A systematic literature review
title_sort levels of engagement in participatory health systems strengthening a systematic literature review
topic Participatory health systems strengthening
Community-based participatory research
Participatory action research
Engagement levels
Health systems
Building blocks
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291124004431
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