Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Interleukin 12/23 inhibitors are a newer class of monoclonal antibodies used to induce and maintain remission for Crohn’s disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, when patients do not respond to conventional immunomodulatory drugs or first-line mo...

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Main Authors: Nouran Alwisi, Rana Ismail, Hissa Al-Kuwari, Khalifa H. Al-Ansari, Mohammed A. Al-Matwi, Noor A. Aweer, Wejdan N. Al-Marri, Yousif Al-Kubaisi, Muneera Al-Mohannadi, Shahd Hamran, Suhail A. R. Doi, Habib H. Farooqui, Tawanda Chivese
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/702
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author Nouran Alwisi
Rana Ismail
Hissa Al-Kuwari
Khalifa H. Al-Ansari
Mohammed A. Al-Matwi
Noor A. Aweer
Wejdan N. Al-Marri
Yousif Al-Kubaisi
Muneera Al-Mohannadi
Shahd Hamran
Suhail A. R. Doi
Habib H. Farooqui
Tawanda Chivese
author_facet Nouran Alwisi
Rana Ismail
Hissa Al-Kuwari
Khalifa H. Al-Ansari
Mohammed A. Al-Matwi
Noor A. Aweer
Wejdan N. Al-Marri
Yousif Al-Kubaisi
Muneera Al-Mohannadi
Shahd Hamran
Suhail A. R. Doi
Habib H. Farooqui
Tawanda Chivese
author_sort Nouran Alwisi
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Interleukin 12/23 inhibitors are a newer class of monoclonal antibodies used to induce and maintain remission for Crohn’s disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, when patients do not respond to conventional immunomodulatory drugs or first-line monoclonal antibody therapies. Although biologics are best administered intravenously, subcutaneous administration has been trialed, with mixed results. This research synthesized evidence on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous compared to intravenous administration of interleukin 12/23 inhibitors for moderate to severe CD. <b>Methods</b>: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Cochrane, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINHAL, and preprint archives for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous to intravenous interleukin 12/23 inhibitors for the remission of CD. After study quality assessment, a meta-analysis was carried out using a bias-adjusted inverse variance heterogeneity model, heterogeneity was assessed using I<sup>2</sup>, and publication bias was performed using Doi plots. Evidence certainty was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE). <b>Results</b>: Seven RCTs, with 2179 participants, all with moderate to severe CD, were included. After meta-analysis, subcutaneous compared to intravenous administration showed similar efficacy for the induction of remission (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.53–1.12), with no-to-low heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.97). For the maintenance of remission, only two studies had analyzable data, and they showed that subcutaneous interleukin 12/23 inhibitors were equal or better compared to intravenous administration. Further syntheses showed that subcutaneous compared to intravenous administration of interleukin 12/23 inhibitors had almost similar odds of adverse events (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.63–1.32, I<sup>2</sup> = 39%), serious adverse events (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.61–1.53, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%), and treatment discontinuation (OR 1.06, 95%CI 0.67–1.68, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%). <b>Conclusions</b>: In individuals with moderate to severe CD, subcutaneous administration has similar efficacy for inducing remission with comparable safety. More RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
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spelling doaj-art-20f8d5457c6b4dfdae3206ceb3408b452025-08-20T02:42:39ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113370210.3390/biomedicines13030702Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisNouran Alwisi0Rana Ismail1Hissa Al-Kuwari2Khalifa H. Al-Ansari3Mohammed A. Al-Matwi4Noor A. Aweer5Wejdan N. Al-Marri6Yousif Al-Kubaisi7Muneera Al-Mohannadi8Shahd Hamran9Suhail A. R. Doi10Habib H. Farooqui11Tawanda Chivese12College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarCollege of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Interleukin 12/23 inhibitors are a newer class of monoclonal antibodies used to induce and maintain remission for Crohn’s disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, when patients do not respond to conventional immunomodulatory drugs or first-line monoclonal antibody therapies. Although biologics are best administered intravenously, subcutaneous administration has been trialed, with mixed results. This research synthesized evidence on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous compared to intravenous administration of interleukin 12/23 inhibitors for moderate to severe CD. <b>Methods</b>: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Cochrane, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINHAL, and preprint archives for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous to intravenous interleukin 12/23 inhibitors for the remission of CD. After study quality assessment, a meta-analysis was carried out using a bias-adjusted inverse variance heterogeneity model, heterogeneity was assessed using I<sup>2</sup>, and publication bias was performed using Doi plots. Evidence certainty was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE). <b>Results</b>: Seven RCTs, with 2179 participants, all with moderate to severe CD, were included. After meta-analysis, subcutaneous compared to intravenous administration showed similar efficacy for the induction of remission (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.53–1.12), with no-to-low heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.97). For the maintenance of remission, only two studies had analyzable data, and they showed that subcutaneous interleukin 12/23 inhibitors were equal or better compared to intravenous administration. Further syntheses showed that subcutaneous compared to intravenous administration of interleukin 12/23 inhibitors had almost similar odds of adverse events (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.63–1.32, I<sup>2</sup> = 39%), serious adverse events (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.61–1.53, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%), and treatment discontinuation (OR 1.06, 95%CI 0.67–1.68, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%). <b>Conclusions</b>: In individuals with moderate to severe CD, subcutaneous administration has similar efficacy for inducing remission with comparable safety. More RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/702Crohn’s disease (CD)interleukin inhibitorsmonoclonal antibodies (mAbs)subcutaneous (SC)intravenous (IV)meta-analysis
spellingShingle Nouran Alwisi
Rana Ismail
Hissa Al-Kuwari
Khalifa H. Al-Ansari
Mohammed A. Al-Matwi
Noor A. Aweer
Wejdan N. Al-Marri
Yousif Al-Kubaisi
Muneera Al-Mohannadi
Shahd Hamran
Suhail A. R. Doi
Habib H. Farooqui
Tawanda Chivese
Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Biomedicines
Crohn’s disease (CD)
interleukin inhibitors
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)
subcutaneous (SC)
intravenous (IV)
meta-analysis
title Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Comparative Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Interleukin 12/23 Inhibitors for the Remission of Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort comparative efficacy of subcutaneous versus intravenous interleukin 12 23 inhibitors for the remission of moderate to severe crohn s disease a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Crohn’s disease (CD)
interleukin inhibitors
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)
subcutaneous (SC)
intravenous (IV)
meta-analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/702
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