Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 Years

Abstract Human‐driven degradation of forest ecosystems has profoundly altered land cover, disrupted ecosystem functions, and contributed to climate variability. Understanding long‐term changes in forest composition and resilience is crucial for developing effective, evidence‐based restoration strate...

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Main Authors: Yong Luo, Xin Zhou, Sihan Sun, Xiaoyan Liu, Shiwei Jiang, Anze Chen, Xuanqiao Liu, Hongfei Zhao, Min Ding, Liqiang Xu, Xiaolin Zhang, Zhuoya Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Earth's Future
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005661
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author Yong Luo
Xin Zhou
Sihan Sun
Xiaoyan Liu
Shiwei Jiang
Anze Chen
Xuanqiao Liu
Hongfei Zhao
Min Ding
Liqiang Xu
Xiaolin Zhang
Zhuoya Zhang
author_facet Yong Luo
Xin Zhou
Sihan Sun
Xiaoyan Liu
Shiwei Jiang
Anze Chen
Xuanqiao Liu
Hongfei Zhao
Min Ding
Liqiang Xu
Xiaolin Zhang
Zhuoya Zhang
author_sort Yong Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Human‐driven degradation of forest ecosystems has profoundly altered land cover, disrupted ecosystem functions, and contributed to climate variability. Understanding long‐term changes in forest composition and resilience is crucial for developing effective, evidence‐based restoration strategies. This study presents a 1,600‐year paleoecological reconstruction of forest dynamics in northeastern China, based on sedimentary pollen records from Sihailongwan Maar Lake. The findings reveal that from 480 to 1930 CE, natural factors primarily governed forest dynamics, allowing for a stable adaptation of mixed coniferous and broadleaved species to climate fluctuations. However, since 1930 CE, human activities have become the dominant force, leading to significant shifts in forest structure, reduced coniferous populations, and a substantial decline in ecological resilience. This study provides an ecological baseline based on naturally driven forest dynamics, offering essential guidance for restoring a resilient mixed coniferous‐broadleaved forest structure. Furthermore, these recommendations emphasize the importance of strengthening forest protection, limiting logging, and engaging local communities in conservation efforts. However, as global warming continues to accelerate, the ecological baseline derived from historical dynamics may become less applicable. This necessitates the establishment of new baselines that take future ecological changes into account.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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series Earth's Future
spelling doaj-art-20ec00bcb68648c1bd4d1d1ab20c07b02025-08-20T03:12:19ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772025-05-01135n/an/a10.1029/2024EF005661Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 YearsYong Luo0Xin Zhou1Sihan Sun2Xiaoyan Liu3Shiwei Jiang4Anze Chen5Xuanqiao Liu6Hongfei Zhao7Min Ding8Liqiang Xu9Xiaolin Zhang10Zhuoya Zhang11School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaLaboratory for Earth Surface Processes College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei ChinaSchool of Soil and Water Conservation Southwest Forestry University Kunming ChinaAbstract Human‐driven degradation of forest ecosystems has profoundly altered land cover, disrupted ecosystem functions, and contributed to climate variability. Understanding long‐term changes in forest composition and resilience is crucial for developing effective, evidence‐based restoration strategies. This study presents a 1,600‐year paleoecological reconstruction of forest dynamics in northeastern China, based on sedimentary pollen records from Sihailongwan Maar Lake. The findings reveal that from 480 to 1930 CE, natural factors primarily governed forest dynamics, allowing for a stable adaptation of mixed coniferous and broadleaved species to climate fluctuations. However, since 1930 CE, human activities have become the dominant force, leading to significant shifts in forest structure, reduced coniferous populations, and a substantial decline in ecological resilience. This study provides an ecological baseline based on naturally driven forest dynamics, offering essential guidance for restoring a resilient mixed coniferous‐broadleaved forest structure. Furthermore, these recommendations emphasize the importance of strengthening forest protection, limiting logging, and engaging local communities in conservation efforts. However, as global warming continues to accelerate, the ecological baseline derived from historical dynamics may become less applicable. This necessitates the establishment of new baselines that take future ecological changes into account.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005661forest ecosystemclimate changehuman activityecological resilience
spellingShingle Yong Luo
Xin Zhou
Sihan Sun
Xiaoyan Liu
Shiwei Jiang
Anze Chen
Xuanqiao Liu
Hongfei Zhao
Min Ding
Liqiang Xu
Xiaolin Zhang
Zhuoya Zhang
Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 Years
Earth's Future
forest ecosystem
climate change
human activity
ecological resilience
title Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 Years
title_full Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 Years
title_fullStr Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 Years
title_full_unstemmed Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 Years
title_short Transformation in the Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern China Driven by Human Factors Over the Past 1600 Years
title_sort transformation in the forest ecosystem of northeastern china driven by human factors over the past 1600 years
topic forest ecosystem
climate change
human activity
ecological resilience
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005661
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