Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal
Abstract Co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal was developed rapidly in China, however, less attention was paid to the formation characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and the influence factors, such as the catalytic metals (CuCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2, CuO,...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220268 |
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| author | Xiaoqing Lin Tieying Mao Yunfeng Ma Xiangbo Zou Lijun Liu Wenhua Yin Mumin Rao Ji Ye Chuangting Chen Hong Yu Xiaodong Li Jianhua Yan |
| author_facet | Xiaoqing Lin Tieying Mao Yunfeng Ma Xiangbo Zou Lijun Liu Wenhua Yin Mumin Rao Ji Ye Chuangting Chen Hong Yu Xiaodong Li Jianhua Yan |
| author_sort | Xiaoqing Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal was developed rapidly in China, however, less attention was paid to the formation characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and the influence factors, such as the catalytic metals (CuCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2, CuO, Fe2O3, and ZnO), sources of carbon and chlorine. During the co-combustion of SS (2.5 wt.%) and coal (97.5 wt.%), the formation content of PCDD/Fs was 0.51 ng g–1 and 0.01 ng I-TEQ g–1. By adding metal chlorides (2.0 wt.% CuCl2, FeCl3, and ZnCl2), the formation contents of PCDD/Fs were increased significantly to 148.99, 67.38, and 53.63 ng g–1 (i.e., 2.10, 1.09, and 1.34 ng I-TEQ g–1), respectively, while the metal oxides (2.0 wt.% CuO, Fe2O3, and ZnO) only increased the PCDD/F contents to 1.27, 0.76, and 0.57 ng g–1 (0.03, 0.01, and 0.02 ng I-TEQ g–1), respectively. That is, the promotion effect of different metal additives on PCDD/F formation followed a sequence of CuCl2 (292×) > FeCl3 (132×) > ZnCl2 (105×) ≫ CuO (2.5×) > Fe2O3 (1.5×) > ZnO (1.1×), wherein the metal chlorides showed 2 orders of magnitude higher promotion than that of metal oxides. The proportion of highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs was further increased after adding metal chlorides, while the additional metal oxides decreased it. The de novo synthesis was revealed as the major formation pathway of PCDD/Fs except for adding ZnO. The CuCl2 and FeCl3 can also enhance the chlorination routes to generate PCDD/Fs. Only ZnO showed the promotion effect on the CP-route. The chlorine source was an essential limiting factor for generating PCDD/Fs, and the chlorine from metal chlorides was the preference source compared with that contained in SS and coal. The results have important reference value for controlling PCDD/Fs formation in the co-combustion process of SS and coal. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-20e4c30cfcdc469ca89cb95a9ea99e55 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
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| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-20e4c30cfcdc469ca89cb95a9ea99e552025-02-09T12:18:37ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092022-08-0122911310.4209/aaqr.220268Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and CoalXiaoqing Lin0Tieying Mao1Yunfeng Ma2Xiangbo Zou3Lijun Liu4Wenhua Yin5Mumin Rao6Ji Ye7Chuangting Chen8Hong Yu9Xiaodong Li10Jianhua Yan11State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityState Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityState Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityGuangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEESouth China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEEGuangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityState Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityState Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal was developed rapidly in China, however, less attention was paid to the formation characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and the influence factors, such as the catalytic metals (CuCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2, CuO, Fe2O3, and ZnO), sources of carbon and chlorine. During the co-combustion of SS (2.5 wt.%) and coal (97.5 wt.%), the formation content of PCDD/Fs was 0.51 ng g–1 and 0.01 ng I-TEQ g–1. By adding metal chlorides (2.0 wt.% CuCl2, FeCl3, and ZnCl2), the formation contents of PCDD/Fs were increased significantly to 148.99, 67.38, and 53.63 ng g–1 (i.e., 2.10, 1.09, and 1.34 ng I-TEQ g–1), respectively, while the metal oxides (2.0 wt.% CuO, Fe2O3, and ZnO) only increased the PCDD/F contents to 1.27, 0.76, and 0.57 ng g–1 (0.03, 0.01, and 0.02 ng I-TEQ g–1), respectively. That is, the promotion effect of different metal additives on PCDD/F formation followed a sequence of CuCl2 (292×) > FeCl3 (132×) > ZnCl2 (105×) ≫ CuO (2.5×) > Fe2O3 (1.5×) > ZnO (1.1×), wherein the metal chlorides showed 2 orders of magnitude higher promotion than that of metal oxides. The proportion of highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs was further increased after adding metal chlorides, while the additional metal oxides decreased it. The de novo synthesis was revealed as the major formation pathway of PCDD/Fs except for adding ZnO. The CuCl2 and FeCl3 can also enhance the chlorination routes to generate PCDD/Fs. Only ZnO showed the promotion effect on the CP-route. The chlorine source was an essential limiting factor for generating PCDD/Fs, and the chlorine from metal chlorides was the preference source compared with that contained in SS and coal. The results have important reference value for controlling PCDD/Fs formation in the co-combustion process of SS and coal.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220268PCDD/FsFormation characteristicsFormation pathwaysPromotion effectInfluence factors |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoqing Lin Tieying Mao Yunfeng Ma Xiangbo Zou Lijun Liu Wenhua Yin Mumin Rao Ji Ye Chuangting Chen Hong Yu Xiaodong Li Jianhua Yan Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal Aerosol and Air Quality Research PCDD/Fs Formation characteristics Formation pathways Promotion effect Influence factors |
| title | Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal |
| title_full | Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal |
| title_short | Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal |
| title_sort | influence of different catalytic metals on the formation of pcdd fs during co combustion of sewage sludge and coal |
| topic | PCDD/Fs Formation characteristics Formation pathways Promotion effect Influence factors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220268 |
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