Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy Management

This paper presents a high-fidelity multi-physics dynamic model for electric vehicles, serving as a fundamental building block for intelligent vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration systems. The model accurately captures complex vehicle dynamics of the powertrain, battery, and regenerative braking, enabl...

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Main Authors: Michela Costa, Gianluca Del Papa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8214
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author Michela Costa
Gianluca Del Papa
author_facet Michela Costa
Gianluca Del Papa
author_sort Michela Costa
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents a high-fidelity multi-physics dynamic model for electric vehicles, serving as a fundamental building block for intelligent vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration systems. The model accurately captures complex vehicle dynamics of the powertrain, battery, and regenerative braking, enabling precise energy consumption evaluation, including in AI-driven V2G scenarios. Validated using real-world data from a Citroën Ami operating on urban routes in Naples, Italy, it achieved exceptional accuracy with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.28% for dynamic state of charge prediction. This robust framework provides an essential foundation for AI-driven digital twin technologies in V2G applications, significantly advancing sustainable transportation and smart grid integration through predictive simulation. Its versatility supports diverse fleet applications, from residential energy management and coordinated charging optimization to commercial car sharing operations, leveraging backup power during peak demand or grid outages, so to maximize distributed battery storage utilization.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-20e1a29378494b9ba63bd3e50a460bbf2025-08-20T03:36:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515821410.3390/app15158214Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy ManagementMichela Costa0Gianluca Del Papa1National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi, 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyNational Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi, 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyThis paper presents a high-fidelity multi-physics dynamic model for electric vehicles, serving as a fundamental building block for intelligent vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration systems. The model accurately captures complex vehicle dynamics of the powertrain, battery, and regenerative braking, enabling precise energy consumption evaluation, including in AI-driven V2G scenarios. Validated using real-world data from a Citroën Ami operating on urban routes in Naples, Italy, it achieved exceptional accuracy with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.28% for dynamic state of charge prediction. This robust framework provides an essential foundation for AI-driven digital twin technologies in V2G applications, significantly advancing sustainable transportation and smart grid integration through predictive simulation. Its versatility supports diverse fleet applications, from residential energy management and coordinated charging optimization to commercial car sharing operations, leveraging backup power during peak demand or grid outages, so to maximize distributed battery storage utilization.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8214digital twinselectric vehiclesvehicle-to-gridmulti-physics modellingartificial intelligenceenergy flow optimization
spellingShingle Michela Costa
Gianluca Del Papa
Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy Management
Applied Sciences
digital twins
electric vehicles
vehicle-to-grid
multi-physics modelling
artificial intelligence
energy flow optimization
title Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy Management
title_full Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy Management
title_fullStr Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy Management
title_full_unstemmed Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy Management
title_short Digital Twins for Intelligent Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: A Multi-Physics EV Model for AI-Based Energy Management
title_sort digital twins for intelligent vehicle to grid systems a multi physics ev model for ai based energy management
topic digital twins
electric vehicles
vehicle-to-grid
multi-physics modelling
artificial intelligence
energy flow optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8214
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AT gianlucadelpapa digitaltwinsforintelligentvehicletogridsystemsamultiphysicsevmodelforaibasedenergymanagement