Life cycle assessment of earth-based residential unit “TOVA”: A 3D printed on-site load-bearing structure

This paper aims to assess the environmental life cycle of a real lead-bearing 3D printed earthen-based (3DP-E) structure built on-site, “TOVA” in Spain. The method followed a cradle-to-site approach focusing on wall structure. Three different structure scenarios are compared with the 3DP-E; conventi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Deena El-Mahdy, Eugene Marais, Marwa AbdelRahim, Alexandre Dubor, Edouard Cabay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Construction Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525007235
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