Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease.
<h4>Background</h4>Directly observed treatment short course (DOTS), the global control strategy aimed at controlling tuberculosis (TB) transmission through prompt diagnosis of symptomatic smear-positive disease, has failed to prevent rising tuberculosis incidence rates in Africa brought...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2007-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040022&type=printable |
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| author | Elizabeth L Corbett Tsitsi Bandason Yin Bun Cheung Shungu Munyati Peter Godfrey-Faussett Richard Hayes Gavin Churchyard Anthony Butterworth Peter Mason |
| author_facet | Elizabeth L Corbett Tsitsi Bandason Yin Bun Cheung Shungu Munyati Peter Godfrey-Faussett Richard Hayes Gavin Churchyard Anthony Butterworth Peter Mason |
| author_sort | Elizabeth L Corbett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Directly observed treatment short course (DOTS), the global control strategy aimed at controlling tuberculosis (TB) transmission through prompt diagnosis of symptomatic smear-positive disease, has failed to prevent rising tuberculosis incidence rates in Africa brought about by the HIV epidemic. However, rising incidence does not necessarily imply failure to control tuberculosis transmission, which is primarily driven by prevalent infectious disease. We investigated the epidemiology of prevalent and incident TB in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced primary health care.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Twenty-two businesses in Harare, Zimbabwe, were provided with free smear- and culture-based investigation of TB symptoms through occupational clinics. Anonymised HIV tests were requested from all employees. After 2 y of follow-up for incident TB, a culture-based survey for undiagnosed prevalent TB was conducted. A total of 6,440 of 7,478 eligible employees participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. For HIV-positive and -negative participants, the incidence of culture-positive tuberculosis was 25.3 and 1.3 per 1,000 person-years, respectively (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 18.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.3 to 34.5: population attributable fraction = 78%), and point prevalence after 2 y was 5.7 and 2.6 per 1,000 population (adjusted odds ratio = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.5 to 6.8: population attributable fraction = 14%). Most patients with prevalent culture-positive TB had subclinical disease when first detected.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Strategies based on prompt investigation of TB symptoms, such as DOTS, may be an effective way of controlling prevalent TB in high HIV prevalence populations. This may translate into effective control of TB transmission despite high TB incidence rates and a period of subclinical infectiousness in some patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-20cd55f9704e43bb99fcf8c94a419707 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1549-1277 1549-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2007-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-20cd55f9704e43bb99fcf8c94a4197072025-08-20T03:22:37ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Medicine1549-12771549-16762007-01-0141e2210.1371/journal.pmed.0040022Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease.Elizabeth L CorbettTsitsi BandasonYin Bun CheungShungu MunyatiPeter Godfrey-FaussettRichard HayesGavin ChurchyardAnthony ButterworthPeter Mason<h4>Background</h4>Directly observed treatment short course (DOTS), the global control strategy aimed at controlling tuberculosis (TB) transmission through prompt diagnosis of symptomatic smear-positive disease, has failed to prevent rising tuberculosis incidence rates in Africa brought about by the HIV epidemic. However, rising incidence does not necessarily imply failure to control tuberculosis transmission, which is primarily driven by prevalent infectious disease. We investigated the epidemiology of prevalent and incident TB in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced primary health care.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Twenty-two businesses in Harare, Zimbabwe, were provided with free smear- and culture-based investigation of TB symptoms through occupational clinics. Anonymised HIV tests were requested from all employees. After 2 y of follow-up for incident TB, a culture-based survey for undiagnosed prevalent TB was conducted. A total of 6,440 of 7,478 eligible employees participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. For HIV-positive and -negative participants, the incidence of culture-positive tuberculosis was 25.3 and 1.3 per 1,000 person-years, respectively (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 18.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.3 to 34.5: population attributable fraction = 78%), and point prevalence after 2 y was 5.7 and 2.6 per 1,000 population (adjusted odds ratio = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.5 to 6.8: population attributable fraction = 14%). Most patients with prevalent culture-positive TB had subclinical disease when first detected.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Strategies based on prompt investigation of TB symptoms, such as DOTS, may be an effective way of controlling prevalent TB in high HIV prevalence populations. This may translate into effective control of TB transmission despite high TB incidence rates and a period of subclinical infectiousness in some patients.https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040022&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth L Corbett Tsitsi Bandason Yin Bun Cheung Shungu Munyati Peter Godfrey-Faussett Richard Hayes Gavin Churchyard Anthony Butterworth Peter Mason Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease. PLoS Medicine |
| title | Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease. |
| title_full | Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease. |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease. |
| title_short | Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease. |
| title_sort | epidemiology of tuberculosis in a high hiv prevalence population provided with enhanced diagnosis of symptomatic disease |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040022&type=printable |
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