Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolution

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key driver of microbial evolution, promoting genetic diversity and contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This study explores the pangenome dynamics and HGT in Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), a close relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mul...

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Main Authors: Khandker Shahed, Sk Injamamul Islam, Papungkorn Sangsawad, Won-Kyo Jung, Patima Permpoonpattana, Nguyen Vu Linh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1537826/full
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author Khandker Shahed
Sk Injamamul Islam
Papungkorn Sangsawad
Won-Kyo Jung
Patima Permpoonpattana
Nguyen Vu Linh
author_facet Khandker Shahed
Sk Injamamul Islam
Papungkorn Sangsawad
Won-Kyo Jung
Patima Permpoonpattana
Nguyen Vu Linh
author_sort Khandker Shahed
collection DOAJ
description Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key driver of microbial evolution, promoting genetic diversity and contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This study explores the pangenome dynamics and HGT in Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), a close relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multiple pangenome datasets were analyzed to quantify gene gain, loss, and pangenome openness, utilizing Panstripe and a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) framework to assess gene presence/absence across strains. Additionally, a comparative benchmarking analysis of gene ontology (GO) annotations were conducted using eggNOG and InterProScan to evaluate their functional annotation accuracy. Our findings demonstrated significant differences in gene gain and loss rates, suggesting variations in annotation accuracy and the presence of mobile genetic elements (MGE). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified, highlighting the genetic variability that may impact strain-specific traits such as pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. Pangenome of M. marinum was characterized as highly open, with substantial variability in gene content, reflecting ongoing genetic exchange and adaptability. Functional annotation benchmarking demonstrated that eggNOG and InterProScan provided complementary insights, with each tool excelling in distinct strengths of gene function identification. Overall, these findings highlight the complex interplay between HGT, pangenome evolution, and antibiotic resistance in M. marinum, and the analytical framework presented here provides a robust approach for future studies aiming to inform therapeutic interventions and vaccine development.
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spelling doaj-art-20cb27d4278447cbb0cd17cd2f043b252025-08-20T03:31:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-06-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15378261537826Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolutionKhandker Shahed0Sk Injamamul Islam1Papungkorn Sangsawad2Won-Kyo Jung3Patima Permpoonpattana4Nguyen Vu Linh5BioMac Lab, Dhaka, BangladeshBioMac Lab, Dhaka, BangladeshSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, ThailandSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, ThailandDepartment of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, ThailandDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key driver of microbial evolution, promoting genetic diversity and contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This study explores the pangenome dynamics and HGT in Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), a close relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multiple pangenome datasets were analyzed to quantify gene gain, loss, and pangenome openness, utilizing Panstripe and a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) framework to assess gene presence/absence across strains. Additionally, a comparative benchmarking analysis of gene ontology (GO) annotations were conducted using eggNOG and InterProScan to evaluate their functional annotation accuracy. Our findings demonstrated significant differences in gene gain and loss rates, suggesting variations in annotation accuracy and the presence of mobile genetic elements (MGE). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified, highlighting the genetic variability that may impact strain-specific traits such as pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. Pangenome of M. marinum was characterized as highly open, with substantial variability in gene content, reflecting ongoing genetic exchange and adaptability. Functional annotation benchmarking demonstrated that eggNOG and InterProScan provided complementary insights, with each tool excelling in distinct strengths of gene function identification. Overall, these findings highlight the complex interplay between HGT, pangenome evolution, and antibiotic resistance in M. marinum, and the analytical framework presented here provides a robust approach for future studies aiming to inform therapeutic interventions and vaccine development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1537826/fullbenchmarkpathogensgenomealternatives to antibioticSNPs
spellingShingle Khandker Shahed
Sk Injamamul Islam
Papungkorn Sangsawad
Won-Kyo Jung
Patima Permpoonpattana
Nguyen Vu Linh
Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolution
Frontiers in Microbiology
benchmark
pathogens
genome
alternatives to antibiotic
SNPs
title Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolution
title_full Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolution
title_fullStr Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolution
title_full_unstemmed Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolution
title_short Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in Mycobacterium marinum evolution
title_sort benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer in mycobacterium marinum evolution
topic benchmark
pathogens
genome
alternatives to antibiotic
SNPs
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1537826/full
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