Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (PlS-ZnO NPs) were synthesized eco-friendly using an aqueous extract from the stems of Persicaria lapathifolia and their anticancer and an...

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Main Authors: Essam Nageh Sholkamy, Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid, Hadjer Rebai, Ananth Sivapunniyam, Mi-Ran Ki, Seung Pil Pack, Hazim O. Khalifa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1601811/full
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author Essam Nageh Sholkamy
Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
Hadjer Rebai
Ananth Sivapunniyam
Mi-Ran Ki
Mi-Ran Ki
Seung Pil Pack
Hazim O. Khalifa
Hazim O. Khalifa
author_facet Essam Nageh Sholkamy
Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
Hadjer Rebai
Ananth Sivapunniyam
Mi-Ran Ki
Mi-Ran Ki
Seung Pil Pack
Hazim O. Khalifa
Hazim O. Khalifa
author_sort Essam Nageh Sholkamy
collection DOAJ
description Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (PlS-ZnO NPs) were synthesized eco-friendly using an aqueous extract from the stems of Persicaria lapathifolia and their anticancer and antibacterial activities were evaluated. The PlS-ZnO NPs were prepared by a simple sol-gel combustion method and investigated by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The resulting nanoparticles were of polygonal and hexagonal morphology with the average size of 21.45 nm. The PlS-ZnO NPs exhibited high cytotoxicity against human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT-116) with IC50 value of 11.31 μg/mL. Cytomorphological studies showed that these nanoparticles killed cells through both apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptotic process was accompanied by enhancement of intracellular ROS and MMP. Moreover, the PlS-ZnO NPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity towards different pathogenic bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Vibrio cholerae and Proteus vulgaris and was found to be better than the positive control amoxicillin. These results indicate that the green synthesized PlS-ZnO NPs can be considered as a potential multifunctional agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer and bacterial infections. The environmentally friendly and cost-effective synthesis of PlS-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing P. lapathifolia enhances the potential of this nanomaterial for medical applications. This sustainable approach not only reduces environmental impact but also aligns with the increasing demand for biocompatible materials in healthcare.
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spelling doaj-art-20c8218c154e4fb7b4bce0e7d7ec964b2025-08-20T03:33:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2025-07-011210.3389/fmolb.2025.16018111601811Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applicationsEssam Nageh Sholkamy0Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid1Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid2Hadjer Rebai3Ananth Sivapunniyam4Mi-Ran Ki5Mi-Ran Ki6Seung Pil Pack7Hazim O. Khalifa8Hazim O. Khalifa9Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Education and Arts, Sohar University, Sohar, OmanDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, EgyptLaboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Constantine 1- Frères Mentouri University, Chaâbat Erssas Campus, Constantine, AlgeriaCenter for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab EmiratesUAEU Center for Public Policy and Leadership, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab EmiratesColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (PlS-ZnO NPs) were synthesized eco-friendly using an aqueous extract from the stems of Persicaria lapathifolia and their anticancer and antibacterial activities were evaluated. The PlS-ZnO NPs were prepared by a simple sol-gel combustion method and investigated by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The resulting nanoparticles were of polygonal and hexagonal morphology with the average size of 21.45 nm. The PlS-ZnO NPs exhibited high cytotoxicity against human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT-116) with IC50 value of 11.31 μg/mL. Cytomorphological studies showed that these nanoparticles killed cells through both apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptotic process was accompanied by enhancement of intracellular ROS and MMP. Moreover, the PlS-ZnO NPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity towards different pathogenic bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Vibrio cholerae and Proteus vulgaris and was found to be better than the positive control amoxicillin. These results indicate that the green synthesized PlS-ZnO NPs can be considered as a potential multifunctional agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer and bacterial infections. The environmentally friendly and cost-effective synthesis of PlS-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing P. lapathifolia enhances the potential of this nanomaterial for medical applications. This sustainable approach not only reduces environmental impact but also aligns with the increasing demand for biocompatible materials in healthcare.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1601811/fullcolorectal cancerzinc oxide nanoparticlesgreen synthesisPersicaria lapathifoliaapoptosisROS
spellingShingle Essam Nageh Sholkamy
Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
Hadjer Rebai
Ananth Sivapunniyam
Mi-Ran Ki
Mi-Ran Ki
Seung Pil Pack
Hazim O. Khalifa
Hazim O. Khalifa
Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
colorectal cancer
zinc oxide nanoparticles
green synthesis
Persicaria lapathifolia
apoptosis
ROS
title Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications
title_full Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications
title_fullStr Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications
title_short Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Persicaria lapathifolia: versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications
title_sort sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from persicaria lapathifolia versatile anticancer and antibacterial applications
topic colorectal cancer
zinc oxide nanoparticles
green synthesis
Persicaria lapathifolia
apoptosis
ROS
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1601811/full
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