Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management

The pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which drives innate immunity, shields the host against invasive pathogens. Fish and other aquatic species with poorly developed adaptive immunity mostly rely on their innate immunity, regulated by PRRs such as inherited-encoded toll-like receptors (TLRs). The...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Usman Ghani, Junfan Chen, Zahra Khosravi, Qishu Wu, Yujie Liu, Jingjie Zhou, Liping Zhong, Hongjuan Cui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378111/full
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author Muhammad Usman Ghani
Muhammad Usman Ghani
Junfan Chen
Zahra Khosravi
Qishu Wu
Yujie Liu
Jingjie Zhou
Liping Zhong
Hongjuan Cui
Hongjuan Cui
author_facet Muhammad Usman Ghani
Muhammad Usman Ghani
Junfan Chen
Zahra Khosravi
Qishu Wu
Yujie Liu
Jingjie Zhou
Liping Zhong
Hongjuan Cui
Hongjuan Cui
author_sort Muhammad Usman Ghani
collection DOAJ
description The pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which drives innate immunity, shields the host against invasive pathogens. Fish and other aquatic species with poorly developed adaptive immunity mostly rely on their innate immunity, regulated by PRRs such as inherited-encoded toll-like receptors (TLRs). The discovery of 21 unique TLR variations in various aquatic animals over the past several years has sparked interest in using TLRs to improve aquatic animal’s immune response and disease resistance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the latest investigations on the various characteristics of TLRs in aquatic animals. It emphasizes their categorization, insights into 3D architecture, ligand recognition, signaling pathways, TLRs mediated immune responses under biotic and abiotic stressors, and expression variations during several developmental stages. It also highlights the differences among aquatic animals’ TLRs and their mammal counterparts, which signifies the unique roles that TLRs play in aquatic animal’s immune systems. This article summarizes current aquaculture research to enhance our understanding of fish immune systems for effective aquaculture -related disease management.
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publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-20c6b6bfaf044589a980b7dc2f4e2d7c2025-08-20T02:16:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-10-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.13781111378111Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease managementMuhammad Usman Ghani0Muhammad Usman Ghani1Junfan Chen2Zahra Khosravi3Qishu Wu4Yujie Liu5Jingjie Zhou6Liping Zhong7Hongjuan Cui8Hongjuan Cui9Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaMedical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaMedical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaMedical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, ChinaMedical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaThe pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which drives innate immunity, shields the host against invasive pathogens. Fish and other aquatic species with poorly developed adaptive immunity mostly rely on their innate immunity, regulated by PRRs such as inherited-encoded toll-like receptors (TLRs). The discovery of 21 unique TLR variations in various aquatic animals over the past several years has sparked interest in using TLRs to improve aquatic animal’s immune response and disease resistance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the latest investigations on the various characteristics of TLRs in aquatic animals. It emphasizes their categorization, insights into 3D architecture, ligand recognition, signaling pathways, TLRs mediated immune responses under biotic and abiotic stressors, and expression variations during several developmental stages. It also highlights the differences among aquatic animals’ TLRs and their mammal counterparts, which signifies the unique roles that TLRs play in aquatic animal’s immune systems. This article summarizes current aquaculture research to enhance our understanding of fish immune systems for effective aquaculture -related disease management.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378111/fulltoll-like receptorsPPRPAMPSinnate immunitysignaling pathwaysdisease management
spellingShingle Muhammad Usman Ghani
Muhammad Usman Ghani
Junfan Chen
Zahra Khosravi
Qishu Wu
Yujie Liu
Jingjie Zhou
Liping Zhong
Hongjuan Cui
Hongjuan Cui
Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management
Frontiers in Immunology
toll-like receptors
PPR
PAMPS
innate immunity
signaling pathways
disease management
title Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management
title_full Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management
title_fullStr Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management
title_short Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management
title_sort unveiling the multifaceted role of toll like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals pioneering strategies for disease management
topic toll-like receptors
PPR
PAMPS
innate immunity
signaling pathways
disease management
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378111/full
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