Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients

Abstract The limited added benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer indicates the pressing need to identify biomarkers of response to minimize risk and maximize benefit. We used single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (for...

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Main Authors: Xiaopeng Sun, Margaret L. Axelrod, Adrienne G. Waks, Jingxin Fu, Molly DiLullo, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Sara M. Tolaney, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Yaomin Xu, Justin M. Balko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Breast Cancer
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-025-00776-1
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author Xiaopeng Sun
Margaret L. Axelrod
Adrienne G. Waks
Jingxin Fu
Molly DiLullo
Eliezer M. Van Allen
Sara M. Tolaney
Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
Yaomin Xu
Justin M. Balko
author_facet Xiaopeng Sun
Margaret L. Axelrod
Adrienne G. Waks
Jingxin Fu
Molly DiLullo
Eliezer M. Van Allen
Sara M. Tolaney
Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
Yaomin Xu
Justin M. Balko
author_sort Xiaopeng Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The limited added benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer indicates the pressing need to identify biomarkers of response to minimize risk and maximize benefit. We used single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (for 28 samples comprising 79,284 cells) to monitor the peripheral immune dynamic of an exploratory cohort of hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel+pembrolizumab with the ultimate goal of identifying potential peripheral blood predictive biomarkers. In responsive patients, Granzyme B positive (GZMB+) cytotoxic CD8 T cells expanded post-nab-paclitaxel+pembrolizumab, accompanied by rapid changes in TCR clones. In contrast, non-responders’ peripheral T cells may experience terminal exhaustion and are not significantly altered by treatment. In addition, B cell and monocyte-specific interferon response signatures were also associated with response. Our data suggests that peripheral immunological signatures may represent a facile way to monitor dynamic antitumor immune response.
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issn 2374-4677
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Breast Cancer
spelling doaj-art-20af0aa9f9a648e4b44524360b832a132025-08-20T04:01:40ZengNature Portfolionpj Breast Cancer2374-46772025-07-011111810.1038/s41523-025-00776-1Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patientsXiaopeng Sun0Margaret L. Axelrod1Adrienne G. Waks2Jingxin Fu3Molly DiLullo4Eliezer M. Van Allen5Sara M. Tolaney6Elizabeth A. Mittendorf7Yaomin Xu8Justin M. Balko9Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St LouisDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDepartment of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s HospitalDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterAbstract The limited added benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer indicates the pressing need to identify biomarkers of response to minimize risk and maximize benefit. We used single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (for 28 samples comprising 79,284 cells) to monitor the peripheral immune dynamic of an exploratory cohort of hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel+pembrolizumab with the ultimate goal of identifying potential peripheral blood predictive biomarkers. In responsive patients, Granzyme B positive (GZMB+) cytotoxic CD8 T cells expanded post-nab-paclitaxel+pembrolizumab, accompanied by rapid changes in TCR clones. In contrast, non-responders’ peripheral T cells may experience terminal exhaustion and are not significantly altered by treatment. In addition, B cell and monocyte-specific interferon response signatures were also associated with response. Our data suggests that peripheral immunological signatures may represent a facile way to monitor dynamic antitumor immune response.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-025-00776-1
spellingShingle Xiaopeng Sun
Margaret L. Axelrod
Adrienne G. Waks
Jingxin Fu
Molly DiLullo
Eliezer M. Van Allen
Sara M. Tolaney
Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
Yaomin Xu
Justin M. Balko
Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients
npj Breast Cancer
title Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients
title_full Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients
title_fullStr Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients
title_short Dynamic single-cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy-treated early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients
title_sort dynamic single cell systemic immune responses in immunotherapy treated early stage hr breast cancer patients
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-025-00776-1
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