Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A Review
Bi-directional gaze-based communication offers an intuitive and natural way for users to interact with systems. This approach utilizes the user’s gaze not only to communicate intent but also to obtain feedback, which promotes mutual understanding and trust between the user and the system. In this re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Multimodal Technologies and Interaction |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/8/12/108 |
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| _version_ | 1850238813403611136 |
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| author | Björn Rene Severitt Nora Castner Siegfried Wahl |
| author_facet | Björn Rene Severitt Nora Castner Siegfried Wahl |
| author_sort | Björn Rene Severitt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bi-directional gaze-based communication offers an intuitive and natural way for users to interact with systems. This approach utilizes the user’s gaze not only to communicate intent but also to obtain feedback, which promotes mutual understanding and trust between the user and the system. In this review, we explore the state of the art in gaze-based communication, focusing on both directions: From user to system and from system to user. First, we examine how eye-tracking data is processed and utilized for communication from the user to the system. This includes a range of techniques for gaze-based interaction and the critical role of intent prediction, which enhances the system’s ability to anticipate the user’s needs. Next, we analyze the reverse pathway—how systems provide feedback to users via various channels, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Finally, we discuss the potential integration of these two communication streams, paving the way for more intuitive and efficient gaze-based interaction models, especially in the context of Artificial Intelligence. Our overview emphasizes the future prospects for combining these approaches to create seamless, trust-building communication between users and systems. Ensuring that these systems are designed with a focus on usability and accessibility will be critical to making them effective communication tools for a wide range of users. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-209c9ab4149b4bec85fcc24cfa6260bb |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2414-4088 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Multimodal Technologies and Interaction |
| spelling | doaj-art-209c9ab4149b4bec85fcc24cfa6260bb2025-08-20T02:01:20ZengMDPI AGMultimodal Technologies and Interaction2414-40882024-12-0181210810.3390/mti8120108Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A ReviewBjörn Rene Severitt0Nora Castner1Siegfried Wahl2ZEISS Vision Science Lab, University of Tübingen, Maria-von-Linden-Straße 6, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyCarl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Turnstrasse 27, 73430 Aalen, GermanyZEISS Vision Science Lab, University of Tübingen, Maria-von-Linden-Straße 6, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyBi-directional gaze-based communication offers an intuitive and natural way for users to interact with systems. This approach utilizes the user’s gaze not only to communicate intent but also to obtain feedback, which promotes mutual understanding and trust between the user and the system. In this review, we explore the state of the art in gaze-based communication, focusing on both directions: From user to system and from system to user. First, we examine how eye-tracking data is processed and utilized for communication from the user to the system. This includes a range of techniques for gaze-based interaction and the critical role of intent prediction, which enhances the system’s ability to anticipate the user’s needs. Next, we analyze the reverse pathway—how systems provide feedback to users via various channels, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Finally, we discuss the potential integration of these two communication streams, paving the way for more intuitive and efficient gaze-based interaction models, especially in the context of Artificial Intelligence. Our overview emphasizes the future prospects for combining these approaches to create seamless, trust-building communication between users and systems. Ensuring that these systems are designed with a focus on usability and accessibility will be critical to making them effective communication tools for a wide range of users.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/8/12/108accessibilityeye movements and cognitionerror predictiongaze interactionmachine learningeye tracking |
| spellingShingle | Björn Rene Severitt Nora Castner Siegfried Wahl Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A Review Multimodal Technologies and Interaction accessibility eye movements and cognition error prediction gaze interaction machine learning eye tracking |
| title | Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A Review |
| title_full | Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A Review |
| title_short | Bi-Directional Gaze-Based Communication: A Review |
| title_sort | bi directional gaze based communication a review |
| topic | accessibility eye movements and cognition error prediction gaze interaction machine learning eye tracking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/8/12/108 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bjornreneseveritt bidirectionalgazebasedcommunicationareview AT noracastner bidirectionalgazebasedcommunicationareview AT siegfriedwahl bidirectionalgazebasedcommunicationareview |