Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic Sea
Sea ice concentration (SIC) monitoring in the Arctic using microwave radiometer data is a well-established method with numerous published accuracy studies. For the Baltic Sea, accuracy studies have not yet been conducted. In this study, we evaluated five different SIC products over the Baltic Sea us...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4430 |
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| author | Marko Mäkynen Stefan Kern Rasmus Tonboe |
| author_facet | Marko Mäkynen Stefan Kern Rasmus Tonboe |
| author_sort | Marko Mäkynen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sea ice concentration (SIC) monitoring in the Arctic using microwave radiometer data is a well-established method with numerous published accuracy studies. For the Baltic Sea, accuracy studies have not yet been conducted. In this study, we evaluated five different SIC products over the Baltic Sea using MODIS (250 m) and Sentinel-2 (10 m) open water–sea ice classification charts. The selected SIC products represented different SIC algorithm types, e.g., climate data records and near-real-time products. The one-to-one linear agreement between the radiometer SIC dataset and the MODIS/Sentinel-2 SIC was always quite poor; the slope of the linear regression was from 0.40 to 0.77 and the coefficient of determination was from 0.26 to 0.80. The standard deviation of the difference was large and varied from 15.5% to 26.8%. A common feature was the typical underestimation of the MODIS/Sentinel-2 SIC at large SIC values (SIC > 60%) and overestimation at small SIC values (SIC < 40%). None of the SIC products performed well over the Baltic Sea ice, and they should be used with care in Baltic Sea ice monitoring and studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-209c6f41d70e4bbe88dd56c58bb7a645 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-209c6f41d70e4bbe88dd56c58bb7a6452025-08-20T01:55:41ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011623443010.3390/rs16234430Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic SeaMarko Mäkynen0Stefan Kern1Rasmus Tonboe2Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, FinlandIntegrated Climate Data Center (ICDC), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 20144 Hamburg, GermanyNational Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, DenmarkSea ice concentration (SIC) monitoring in the Arctic using microwave radiometer data is a well-established method with numerous published accuracy studies. For the Baltic Sea, accuracy studies have not yet been conducted. In this study, we evaluated five different SIC products over the Baltic Sea using MODIS (250 m) and Sentinel-2 (10 m) open water–sea ice classification charts. The selected SIC products represented different SIC algorithm types, e.g., climate data records and near-real-time products. The one-to-one linear agreement between the radiometer SIC dataset and the MODIS/Sentinel-2 SIC was always quite poor; the slope of the linear regression was from 0.40 to 0.77 and the coefficient of determination was from 0.26 to 0.80. The standard deviation of the difference was large and varied from 15.5% to 26.8%. A common feature was the typical underestimation of the MODIS/Sentinel-2 SIC at large SIC values (SIC > 60%) and overestimation at small SIC values (SIC < 40%). None of the SIC products performed well over the Baltic Sea ice, and they should be used with care in Baltic Sea ice monitoring and studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4430microwave radiometryremote sensingsea ice concentration |
| spellingShingle | Marko Mäkynen Stefan Kern Rasmus Tonboe Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic Sea Remote Sensing microwave radiometry remote sensing sea ice concentration |
| title | Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic Sea |
| title_full | Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic Sea |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic Sea |
| title_short | Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Sea Ice Concentration Products over the Baltic Sea |
| title_sort | evaluation of microwave radiometer sea ice concentration products over the baltic sea |
| topic | microwave radiometry remote sensing sea ice concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4430 |
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