Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna
This paper introduces a novel-shaped, compact, multiband monopole antenna sensor incorporating an irregular curved split-ring resonator (SRR) design for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of human blood glucose levels (BGL). The sensor operates at multiple resonance frequencies: 0.94, 1.5, 3, 4.6,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/4/250 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850183266066235392 |
|---|---|
| author | Dalia N. Elsheakh EL-Hawary Mohamed Angie R. Eldamak |
| author_facet | Dalia N. Elsheakh EL-Hawary Mohamed Angie R. Eldamak |
| author_sort | Dalia N. Elsheakh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper introduces a novel-shaped, compact, multiband monopole antenna sensor incorporating an irregular curved split-ring resonator (SRR) design for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of human blood glucose levels (BGL). The sensor operates at multiple resonance frequencies: 0.94, 1.5, 3, 4.6, and 6.3 GHz, achieving coefficient reflection impedance bandwidths ≤ −10 dB of 4%, 1%, 3.5%, 65%, and 50%, respectively. Additionally, novel shapes of two SRR metamaterial cells create notches at 1.7 GHz and 4.4 GHz. The antenna is fabricated on an economical FR4 substrate with compact dimensions of 35 × 50 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. The sensor’s performance is evaluated using 3D electromagnetic software, incorporating a human finger phantom model and applying the Cole–Cole model to mimic the blood layer’s sensitivity to blood glucose variations. The phantom model is positioned at different angles relative to the biosensor to detect frequency shifts corresponding to different glucose levels. Experimental validation involves placing a real human finger around the sensor to measure resonant frequency, magnitude, and phase changes. The fabricated sensor demonstrates a superior sensitivity of 24 MHz/mg/dL effectiveness compared to existing methods. This emphasizes its potential for practical, non-invasive glucose monitoring applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-209717ebbb7e4f0c85a723e3f4cbe0ed |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-209717ebbb7e4f0c85a723e3f4cbe0ed2025-08-20T02:17:25ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-04-0115425010.3390/bios15040250Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole AntennaDalia N. Elsheakh0EL-Hawary Mohamed1Angie R. Eldamak2Electrical Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr 11829, EgyptElectrical Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr 11829, EgyptElectronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, EgyptThis paper introduces a novel-shaped, compact, multiband monopole antenna sensor incorporating an irregular curved split-ring resonator (SRR) design for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of human blood glucose levels (BGL). The sensor operates at multiple resonance frequencies: 0.94, 1.5, 3, 4.6, and 6.3 GHz, achieving coefficient reflection impedance bandwidths ≤ −10 dB of 4%, 1%, 3.5%, 65%, and 50%, respectively. Additionally, novel shapes of two SRR metamaterial cells create notches at 1.7 GHz and 4.4 GHz. The antenna is fabricated on an economical FR4 substrate with compact dimensions of 35 × 50 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. The sensor’s performance is evaluated using 3D electromagnetic software, incorporating a human finger phantom model and applying the Cole–Cole model to mimic the blood layer’s sensitivity to blood glucose variations. The phantom model is positioned at different angles relative to the biosensor to detect frequency shifts corresponding to different glucose levels. Experimental validation involves placing a real human finger around the sensor to measure resonant frequency, magnitude, and phase changes. The fabricated sensor demonstrates a superior sensitivity of 24 MHz/mg/dL effectiveness compared to existing methods. This emphasizes its potential for practical, non-invasive glucose monitoring applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/4/250glucose levelsmonopole antennanon-invasivemultiband and sensorcontinuous monitoringsplit-ring resonator (SRR) |
| spellingShingle | Dalia N. Elsheakh EL-Hawary Mohamed Angie R. Eldamak Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna Biosensors glucose levels monopole antenna non-invasive multiband and sensor continuous monitoring split-ring resonator (SRR) |
| title | Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna |
| title_full | Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna |
| title_fullStr | Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna |
| title_short | Blood Glucose Monitoring Biosensor Based on Multiband Split-Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna |
| title_sort | blood glucose monitoring biosensor based on multiband split ring resonator monopole antenna |
| topic | glucose levels monopole antenna non-invasive multiband and sensor continuous monitoring split-ring resonator (SRR) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/4/250 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dalianelsheakh bloodglucosemonitoringbiosensorbasedonmultibandsplitringresonatormonopoleantenna AT elhawarymohamed bloodglucosemonitoringbiosensorbasedonmultibandsplitringresonatormonopoleantenna AT angiereldamak bloodglucosemonitoringbiosensorbasedonmultibandsplitringresonatormonopoleantenna |