Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions
Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (PDWS) is one of the few real-time and inline submicron particle size monitoring techniques that are commercially available nowadays. In this work, a sensitivity analysis of the PDWS results with respect to relevant sample properties and measurement settings is carri...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Polymer Testing |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824003453 |
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| author | Usue Olatz Aspiazu Sebastian Zimmermann Marvin Münzberg Jose Ramon Leiza Maria Paulis |
| author_facet | Usue Olatz Aspiazu Sebastian Zimmermann Marvin Münzberg Jose Ramon Leiza Maria Paulis |
| author_sort | Usue Olatz Aspiazu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (PDWS) is one of the few real-time and inline submicron particle size monitoring techniques that are commercially available nowadays. In this work, a sensitivity analysis of the PDWS results with respect to relevant sample properties and measurement settings is carried out. It is investigated how the distances between the emission and detection fibers together with the laser modulation frequencies, and uncertainties of the input parameters (refractive index, density, and solids content of the dispersed phase) needed for data analysis affect the reduced scattering coefficients and particle diameters obtained from inline PDWS measurements. The seeded semibatch emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA, 51 w-%), butyl acrylate (BA, 47 w-%), and methacrylic acid (MAA, 2 w-%) is used as a model system. It is shown that the careful selection of measurement distances and modulation frequencies increases the accuracy of the particle size determination by PDWS. Furthermore, it is observed that the obtained particle sizes are more sensitive to uncertainties of the refractive index and solids content than to uncertainties of the density of the disperse phase. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-20820edf5f3d471b83e0e515782290a2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1873-2348 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymer Testing |
| spelling | doaj-art-20820edf5f3d471b83e0e515782290a22025-01-12T05:24:06ZengElsevierPolymer Testing1873-23482025-01-01142108668Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactionsUsue Olatz Aspiazu0Sebastian Zimmermann1Marvin Münzberg2Jose Ramon Leiza3Maria Paulis4POLYMAT, Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta zentroa, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPhysical Chemistry, innoFSPEC, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, GermanyPhysical Chemistry, innoFSPEC, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, GermanyPOLYMAT, Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta zentroa, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT, Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta zentroa, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Corresponding author.Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (PDWS) is one of the few real-time and inline submicron particle size monitoring techniques that are commercially available nowadays. In this work, a sensitivity analysis of the PDWS results with respect to relevant sample properties and measurement settings is carried out. It is investigated how the distances between the emission and detection fibers together with the laser modulation frequencies, and uncertainties of the input parameters (refractive index, density, and solids content of the dispersed phase) needed for data analysis affect the reduced scattering coefficients and particle diameters obtained from inline PDWS measurements. The seeded semibatch emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA, 51 w-%), butyl acrylate (BA, 47 w-%), and methacrylic acid (MAA, 2 w-%) is used as a model system. It is shown that the careful selection of measurement distances and modulation frequencies increases the accuracy of the particle size determination by PDWS. Furthermore, it is observed that the obtained particle sizes are more sensitive to uncertainties of the refractive index and solids content than to uncertainties of the density of the disperse phase.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824003453Photon Density Wave SpectroscopyParticle sizePolymer dispersionEmulsion polymerizationNanoparticlesLight scattering |
| spellingShingle | Usue Olatz Aspiazu Sebastian Zimmermann Marvin Münzberg Jose Ramon Leiza Maria Paulis Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions Polymer Testing Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy Particle size Polymer dispersion Emulsion polymerization Nanoparticles Light scattering |
| title | Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions |
| title_full | Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions |
| title_fullStr | Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions |
| title_short | Sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions |
| title_sort | sensitivity of the particle size determined inline by photon density wave spectroscopy with respect to sample properties and measurement settings during emulsion copolymerization reactions |
| topic | Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy Particle size Polymer dispersion Emulsion polymerization Nanoparticles Light scattering |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824003453 |
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