Associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?

In recent years, ecological research has suggested several mechanisms by which biodiversity might affect the risk of acquiring infectious diseases (i.e., the decoy, dilution or amplification effects), but the topic remains controversial. While many experimental studies suggest a negative relationshi...

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Main Authors: Anna-Sofie Stensgaard, Thomas K Kristensen, Aslak Jørgensen, Narcis B Kabatereine, Carsten Rahbek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pensoft Publishers 2016-10-01
Series:Frontiers of Biogeography
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Online Access:http://escholarship.org/uc/item/20g4k0vg
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author Anna-Sofie Stensgaard
Thomas K Kristensen
Aslak Jørgensen
Narcis B Kabatereine
Carsten Rahbek
author_facet Anna-Sofie Stensgaard
Thomas K Kristensen
Aslak Jørgensen
Narcis B Kabatereine
Carsten Rahbek
author_sort Anna-Sofie Stensgaard
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, ecological research has suggested several mechanisms by which biodiversity might affect the risk of acquiring infectious diseases (i.e., the decoy, dilution or amplification effects), but the topic remains controversial. While many experimental studies suggest a negative relationship between biodiversity and disease, this relationship is inherently complex, and might be negative, positive or neutral depending on the geographical scale and ecological context. Here, applying a macroecological approach, we look for associations between diversity and disease by comparing the distribution of human schistosomiasis and biogeographical patterns of freshwater snail and mammal species richness in Uganda. We found that the association between estimated snail richness and human infection was best described by a negative correlation in non-spatial bi- and multivariate logistic mixed effect models. However, this association lost significance after the inclusion of a spatial component in a full geostatistical model, highlighting the importance of accounting for spatial correlation to obtain more precise parameter estimates. Furthermore, we found no significant relationships between mammal richness and schistosomiasis risk. We discuss the limitations of the data and methods used to test the decoy hypothesis for schistosomiasis, and highlight key future research directions that can facilitate more powerful tests of the decoy effect in snail-borne infections, at geographical scales that are relevant for public health and conservation.<br />
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spelling doaj-art-207fc92efecd44b99f550fdc40dc21a42025-08-20T02:04:48ZengPensoft PublishersFrontiers of Biogeography1948-65962016-10-018310.21425/F58321748ark:13030/qt20g4k0vgAssociations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?Anna-Sofie Stensgaard0Thomas K Kristensen1Aslak Jørgensen2Narcis B Kabatereine3Carsten Rahbek4University of CopenhagenUniversity of CopenhagenUniversity of CopenhagenMinistry of Health, UgandaUniversity of CopenhagenIn recent years, ecological research has suggested several mechanisms by which biodiversity might affect the risk of acquiring infectious diseases (i.e., the decoy, dilution or amplification effects), but the topic remains controversial. While many experimental studies suggest a negative relationship between biodiversity and disease, this relationship is inherently complex, and might be negative, positive or neutral depending on the geographical scale and ecological context. Here, applying a macroecological approach, we look for associations between diversity and disease by comparing the distribution of human schistosomiasis and biogeographical patterns of freshwater snail and mammal species richness in Uganda. We found that the association between estimated snail richness and human infection was best described by a negative correlation in non-spatial bi- and multivariate logistic mixed effect models. However, this association lost significance after the inclusion of a spatial component in a full geostatistical model, highlighting the importance of accounting for spatial correlation to obtain more precise parameter estimates. Furthermore, we found no significant relationships between mammal richness and schistosomiasis risk. We discuss the limitations of the data and methods used to test the decoy hypothesis for schistosomiasis, and highlight key future research directions that can facilitate more powerful tests of the decoy effect in snail-borne infections, at geographical scales that are relevant for public health and conservation.<br />http://escholarship.org/uc/item/20g4k0vgBiodiversity, Decoy effect, Dilution effect, Disease ecology, Health, Macroecology, Parasites, Schistosomiasis, Snails
spellingShingle Anna-Sofie Stensgaard
Thomas K Kristensen
Aslak Jørgensen
Narcis B Kabatereine
Carsten Rahbek
Associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?
Frontiers of Biogeography
Biodiversity, Decoy effect, Dilution effect, Disease ecology, Health, Macroecology, Parasites, Schistosomiasis, Snails
title Associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?
title_full Associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?
title_fullStr Associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?
title_full_unstemmed Associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?
title_short Associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in Uganda: can we detect a decoy effect?
title_sort associations between patterns of human intestinal schistosomiasis and snail and mammal species richness in uganda can we detect a decoy effect
topic Biodiversity, Decoy effect, Dilution effect, Disease ecology, Health, Macroecology, Parasites, Schistosomiasis, Snails
url http://escholarship.org/uc/item/20g4k0vg
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