Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS

Both direct and indirect methods of exoplanet detection rely upon detailed knowledge of the potential host stars. Such stellar characterization allows for accurate extraction of planetary properties, as well as contributing to our overall understanding of exoplanetary system architecture. In this an...

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Main Authors: Emilie R. Simpson, Tara Fetherolf, Stephen R. Kane, Joshua Pepper, Teo Močnik, Paul A. Dalba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2023-01-01
Series:The Astronomical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acda26
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author Emilie R. Simpson
Tara Fetherolf
Stephen R. Kane
Joshua Pepper
Teo Močnik
Paul A. Dalba
author_facet Emilie R. Simpson
Tara Fetherolf
Stephen R. Kane
Joshua Pepper
Teo Močnik
Paul A. Dalba
author_sort Emilie R. Simpson
collection DOAJ
description Both direct and indirect methods of exoplanet detection rely upon detailed knowledge of the potential host stars. Such stellar characterization allows for accurate extraction of planetary properties, as well as contributing to our overall understanding of exoplanetary system architecture. In this analysis, we examine the photometry of 264 known exoplanet host stars (harboring 337 planetary companions) that were observed during the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Prime Mission. We identify periodic signatures in the lightcurves of these stars and make possible connections to stellar pulsations and their rotation periods, and compare the stellar variability to the published planetary orbital periods. From these comparisons, we quantify the effects of stellar variability on exoplanet detection, confirming that exoplanets detection is biased toward lower variability stars, but larger exoplanets dominate the population of exoplanets around variable stars. Exoplanet detection methods represented among these systems are distinct between stellar spectral types across the main sequence, though notable outliers exist. In addition, biases present in both the sourced data from TESS and the host star selection process, which strongly influences the representation of both stellar and planetary characteristics in the final populations. We also determine whether the host stars photometric variability affects or mimics the behavior or properties of the system’s planets. These results are discussed in the context of how the behavior of the host star is responsible for how we observe exoplanet characteristics, most notably their radii and atmospheric properties, and how the activity may alter our measurements or impact the evolution of planetary properties.
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spelling doaj-art-207a690262694d3eb181f2fda49f1c592025-08-20T02:11:51ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812023-01-0116627210.3847/1538-3881/acda26Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESSEmilie R. Simpson0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-9867Tara Fetherolf1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-279XStephen R. Kane2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-0529Joshua Pepper3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3827-8417Teo Močnik4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4603-556XPaul A. Dalba5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-5506Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA ; esimp005@ucr.edu; SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA ; esimp005@ucr.eduDepartment of Physics, Lehigh University , 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USADepartment of Physics, Lehigh University , 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USAGemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USASETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USABoth direct and indirect methods of exoplanet detection rely upon detailed knowledge of the potential host stars. Such stellar characterization allows for accurate extraction of planetary properties, as well as contributing to our overall understanding of exoplanetary system architecture. In this analysis, we examine the photometry of 264 known exoplanet host stars (harboring 337 planetary companions) that were observed during the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Prime Mission. We identify periodic signatures in the lightcurves of these stars and make possible connections to stellar pulsations and their rotation periods, and compare the stellar variability to the published planetary orbital periods. From these comparisons, we quantify the effects of stellar variability on exoplanet detection, confirming that exoplanets detection is biased toward lower variability stars, but larger exoplanets dominate the population of exoplanets around variable stars. Exoplanet detection methods represented among these systems are distinct between stellar spectral types across the main sequence, though notable outliers exist. In addition, biases present in both the sourced data from TESS and the host star selection process, which strongly influences the representation of both stellar and planetary characteristics in the final populations. We also determine whether the host stars photometric variability affects or mimics the behavior or properties of the system’s planets. These results are discussed in the context of how the behavior of the host star is responsible for how we observe exoplanet characteristics, most notably their radii and atmospheric properties, and how the activity may alter our measurements or impact the evolution of planetary properties.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acda26Exoplanet detection methodsExoplanetsPeriodic variable starsStellar activityExoplanet systemsPhotometry
spellingShingle Emilie R. Simpson
Tara Fetherolf
Stephen R. Kane
Joshua Pepper
Teo Močnik
Paul A. Dalba
Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
The Astronomical Journal
Exoplanet detection methods
Exoplanets
Periodic variable stars
Stellar activity
Exoplanet systems
Photometry
title Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
title_full Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
title_fullStr Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
title_full_unstemmed Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
title_short Variability of Known Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by TESS
title_sort variability of known exoplanet host stars observed by tess
topic Exoplanet detection methods
Exoplanets
Periodic variable stars
Stellar activity
Exoplanet systems
Photometry
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acda26
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