The Dilemma of Surgical Timing in Acute Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Does Early Surgery Improve Risks or Prognosis?

Background: Acute aortic valve infective endocarditis (IE) presents a critical surgical timing dilemma. This study investigates whether early surgical intervention (within seven days of targeted antibiotic therapy initiation) affects mortality and clinical outcomes compared to delayed/conventional s...

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Main Authors: Michele D’Alonzo, Lorenzo Di Bacco, Antonio Fiore, Massimo Baudo, Francesca Zanin, Chiara Baldelli, Cyrus Moini, Thierry Folliguet, Claudio Muneretto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/4/153
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Summary:Background: Acute aortic valve infective endocarditis (IE) presents a critical surgical timing dilemma. This study investigates whether early surgical intervention (within seven days of targeted antibiotic therapy initiation) affects mortality and clinical outcomes compared to delayed/conventional surgery. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter analysis of 204 patients with aortic IE was conducted, excluding emergency cases requiring immediate intervention. Patients were stratified into EARLY (≤7 days) and LATE (>7 days) surgical groups. Primary endpoints included in-hospital mortality and major adverse events, while secondary endpoints assessed long-term survival, recurrence, and reintervention rates. Results: No significant differences in in-hospital mortality were observed between groups (16% in both). The LATE group exhibited a trend toward increased permanent pacemaker implantation (16% vs. 8.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.100) and a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (36% vs. 24%, <i>p</i> = 0.048). Infective endocarditis recurrence and long-term survival did not significantly differ between groups. Predictors of one-year mortality included chronic kidney disease, annular abscess, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that early surgery, following a short course of antibiotics, does not compromise outcomes nor increase recurrence risk, challenging the conventional preference for delayed intervention in non-emergency IE cases.
ISSN:2308-3425