On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space Cameras

Rotating mirror-based space cameras are susceptible to mirror misalignment due to the severe vibrations experienced during rocket launch and the harsh, variable conditions of the space environment, which can result in deviations of the camera’s line of sight. To mitigate this risk, this study propos...

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Main Authors: Guoxiu Zhang, Yishi Qiao, Zhenyuan Guo, Chen Wang, Yingming Zhao, Yuxin Zhang, Chunyu Liu, Xianren Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2740
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author Guoxiu Zhang
Yishi Qiao
Zhenyuan Guo
Chen Wang
Yingming Zhao
Yuxin Zhang
Chunyu Liu
Xianren Kong
author_facet Guoxiu Zhang
Yishi Qiao
Zhenyuan Guo
Chen Wang
Yingming Zhao
Yuxin Zhang
Chunyu Liu
Xianren Kong
author_sort Guoxiu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Rotating mirror-based space cameras are susceptible to mirror misalignment due to the severe vibrations experienced during rocket launch and the harsh, variable conditions of the space environment, which can result in deviations of the camera’s line of sight. To mitigate this risk, this study proposes a simulation-based on-orbit calibration method for quantifying rotating mirror misalignment using a system of pointing vector equations. The method employs star coordinates as a reference to establish the reference pointing vector for stars, while simultaneously developing a model of the rotating mirror imaging system. By incorporating a misalignment matrix, the actual pointing vector of star points is derived. Subsequently, the reference star pointing vector and the actual star point pointing vector are combined to formulate a system of pointing vector equations. Solving these equations enables precise measurement of the rotating mirror’s rotational misalignment without requiring additional spaceborne equipment. Through simulations, the three-axis misalignment of the rotating mirror is deduced from imaging pixel coordinates, given the known right ascension and declination of reference star points. The influence and patterns of three-axis misalignment on pointing accuracy are analyzed separately. Although validation based on real measurement data remains to be carried out in future work, this simulation-based method provides a theoretical foundation for the calibration of internal orientation elements of space cameras equipped with moving components.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2072-4292
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-2062d27cdb834a8288b8987fda1af01d2025-08-20T03:36:22ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-08-011715274010.3390/rs17152740On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space CamerasGuoxiu Zhang0Yishi Qiao1Zhenyuan Guo2Chen Wang3Yingming Zhao4Yuxin Zhang5Chunyu Liu6Xianren Kong7Research Center of the Satellite Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaChina Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100089, ChinaChangchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaChangchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaChangchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaChangchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaChangchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaResearch Center of the Satellite Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaRotating mirror-based space cameras are susceptible to mirror misalignment due to the severe vibrations experienced during rocket launch and the harsh, variable conditions of the space environment, which can result in deviations of the camera’s line of sight. To mitigate this risk, this study proposes a simulation-based on-orbit calibration method for quantifying rotating mirror misalignment using a system of pointing vector equations. The method employs star coordinates as a reference to establish the reference pointing vector for stars, while simultaneously developing a model of the rotating mirror imaging system. By incorporating a misalignment matrix, the actual pointing vector of star points is derived. Subsequently, the reference star pointing vector and the actual star point pointing vector are combined to formulate a system of pointing vector equations. Solving these equations enables precise measurement of the rotating mirror’s rotational misalignment without requiring additional spaceborne equipment. Through simulations, the three-axis misalignment of the rotating mirror is deduced from imaging pixel coordinates, given the known right ascension and declination of reference star points. The influence and patterns of three-axis misalignment on pointing accuracy are analyzed separately. Although validation based on real measurement data remains to be carried out in future work, this simulation-based method provides a theoretical foundation for the calibration of internal orientation elements of space cameras equipped with moving components.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2740space camerarotating mirror axismisalignmenton-orbit calibration
spellingShingle Guoxiu Zhang
Yishi Qiao
Zhenyuan Guo
Chen Wang
Yingming Zhao
Yuxin Zhang
Chunyu Liu
Xianren Kong
On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space Cameras
Remote Sensing
space camera
rotating mirror axis
misalignment
on-orbit calibration
title On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space Cameras
title_full On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space Cameras
title_fullStr On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space Cameras
title_full_unstemmed On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space Cameras
title_short On-Orbit Calibration Method for Rotation Axis Misalignment in Rotating Mirror-Based Wide-Field Space Cameras
title_sort on orbit calibration method for rotation axis misalignment in rotating mirror based wide field space cameras
topic space camera
rotating mirror axis
misalignment
on-orbit calibration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2740
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