Characteristics of grain yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and accumulation of super hybrid rice grown in different locations
Rice is one of the most important staple food crop in China and other Asian countries. Breeding high yielding varieties and improving resource-use efficiency are eternal themes in the areas of both rice research and rice production. In recent years, many super hybrid rice varieties with high yield p...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Zhejiang University Press
2015-09-01
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| Series: | 浙江大学学报. 农业与生命科学版 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.academax.com/doi/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.05.182 |
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| Summary: | Rice is one of the most important staple food crop in China and other Asian countries. Breeding high yielding varieties and improving resource-use efficiency are eternal themes in the areas of both rice research and rice production. In recent years, many super hybrid rice varieties with high yield potential have been widely grown by rice farmers in China, but the rule of nutrient uptake and accumulation is not fully clear.This paper attempted to ascertain the characteristics and genetic differences of grain yield performance and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) uptake and accumulation of super hybrid rice under different ecological conditions. The field experiments with 8 representative super hybrid rice varieties (i. e., Liangyoupeijiu, Zhongzheyou 1, Zhunliangyou 527, Y-liangyou 1, Ⅱ-you 084, Ⅱ-youhang 1, Neiliangyou 6 and D-you 527) were conducted in Guidong County, Changsha City and Nanxian County of Hunan Province in China from 2007 to 2009, of which a common hybrid rice variety Shanyou 63 and a super inbred rice variety Shengtai 1 were taken as the control. The varieties were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Germinated seeds were sown at the rate of 15 g/m<sup>2</sup> on 15 20 th May in Guiding and on 15 20 th April in Changsha and Nanxian. Twenty five-days old seedling were transplanted with 2 seedlings per hill and a hill spacing is 23.33 cm × 23.33 cm. Crop management followed high yielding cultivation practices.The results showed that there were significantly genetic and regional differences in grain yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) uptake and accumulation. Averaged across 3 locations and 2 years, grain yields of super hybrid rice varieties were 9.32-10.25 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, which were 5.1%-15.6% and 8.9%-19.7% higher than those of Shanyou 63 and Shengtai 1, respectively. Guidong had the highest average grain yield of 11.45 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, which was 38.1% and 30.0% higher than that in Changsha and Nanxian, respectively. The high grain yield in Guiding was attributed to high panicle number and filled grain percentage. In addition, there was significant difference in grain yield among years. The highest average grain yield of 10.01 t/hm<sup>2</sup> was obtained in 2009 and the lowest one of 8.29 t/hm<sup>2</sup> was recorded in 2007, of which the former was resulted from high panicle number and the latter was cased by small panicle size. Nutrient requirement for producing 1 000 kg grains of super hybrid rice appeared as N 18.48-19.85 kg, P 3.75-4.63 kg and K 15.90-17.40 kg. There were no significant differences in the NPK requirements between super hybrid rice and the control except for that Shengtai 1 showed significantly less N requirement. Nutrient uptake rate of super hybrid rice appeared as N 177.69-189.09 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, P 36.94-39.80 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and K 153.38-165.39 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, of which 61.2%-65.3% of N and 67.6%-74.4% of P accumulated in rice grains and 86.9%-89.6% of K accumulated in rice straw. Compared with super hybrid and common hybrid rice, inbred rice Shengtai 1 showed significantly less NK uptake rates but similar P uptake rate. Percentage of N uptake rate to the total was about 20% until to mid-tillering stage (20 d after transplanting), 25%-30% from mid-tillering stage to panicle initiation stage, 30%-40% from panicle initiation stage to heading stage and about 20% after heading, and the percentage of P was 15%, 20%-30%, 40%-45% and 10%-20%, respectively, and the percentage of K was 15%-20%, 25%-35%, 30%-40% and 15%-20%, respectively. There were no significant differences in NPK accumulation rates at each growth stage between hybrid rice and inbred rice.As above, super hybrid rice displayed significantly higher yield potential but lower nutrient requirements for NPK than those of common hybrid rice and inbred rice. It is concluded that high grain yield can be achieved with high nutrient-use efficiency in super hybrid rice. |
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| ISSN: | 1008-9209 2097-5155 |