Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement Data
This paper proposes an optimal control method for the on-load tap changer (OLTC) of a substation’s main transformer (M.TR), to maximize the voltage compliance rate (VCR) in distribution system feeders. The conventional auto voltage regulator (AVR)’s line-drop compensation (LDC) control method strugg...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/439 |
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| author | Hanmin Lim Jongmin Jo Kwan-Ho Chun |
| author_facet | Hanmin Lim Jongmin Jo Kwan-Ho Chun |
| author_sort | Hanmin Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes an optimal control method for the on-load tap changer (OLTC) of a substation’s main transformer (M.TR), to maximize the voltage compliance rate (VCR) in distribution system feeders. The conventional auto voltage regulator (AVR)’s line-drop compensation (LDC) control method struggles with accurately determining load centers and has limitations in managing voltage due to the variability of distributed energy resources (DERs). To address these challenges, this study defines sample number-based VCR (SNB-VCR) as the performance index function to be maximized. The optimal tap positions for the OLTC are obtained using the gradient ascent method. Since the SNB-VCR evaluates voltage compliance using 15 min interval data collected from all the load and DER connection points in the distribution system, the tap position obtained by the gradient ascent method maximizes voltage quality for every feeder included in the system. Using a simulation, it is verified that the proposed tap control method improves the overall voltage quality and reduces the occurrence of overvoltage or undervoltage compared to LDC control. The proposed control strategy offers a practical solution for enhancing voltage management efficiency in modern distribution systems, particularly those with high penetration of DERs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2018e522ffc74773addc46e8d57e8805 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-2018e522ffc74773addc46e8d57e88052025-01-24T13:31:29ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118243910.3390/en18020439Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement DataHanmin Lim0Jongmin Jo1Kwan-Ho Chun2Power Distribution Laboratory, KEPCO Research Institute, Daejeon 34056, Republic of KoreaPower Distribution Laboratory, KEPCO Research Institute, Daejeon 34056, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaThis paper proposes an optimal control method for the on-load tap changer (OLTC) of a substation’s main transformer (M.TR), to maximize the voltage compliance rate (VCR) in distribution system feeders. The conventional auto voltage regulator (AVR)’s line-drop compensation (LDC) control method struggles with accurately determining load centers and has limitations in managing voltage due to the variability of distributed energy resources (DERs). To address these challenges, this study defines sample number-based VCR (SNB-VCR) as the performance index function to be maximized. The optimal tap positions for the OLTC are obtained using the gradient ascent method. Since the SNB-VCR evaluates voltage compliance using 15 min interval data collected from all the load and DER connection points in the distribution system, the tap position obtained by the gradient ascent method maximizes voltage quality for every feeder included in the system. Using a simulation, it is verified that the proposed tap control method improves the overall voltage quality and reduces the occurrence of overvoltage or undervoltage compared to LDC control. The proposed control strategy offers a practical solution for enhancing voltage management efficiency in modern distribution systems, particularly those with high penetration of DERs.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/439distribution systemOLTC tap controlvoltage compliance ratesmart meter |
| spellingShingle | Hanmin Lim Jongmin Jo Kwan-Ho Chun Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement Data Energies distribution system OLTC tap control voltage compliance rate smart meter |
| title | Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement Data |
| title_full | Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement Data |
| title_fullStr | Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement Data |
| title_short | Optimal On-Load Tap Changer Tap Control Method for Voltage Compliance Rate Improvement in Distribution Systems, Based on Field Measurement Data |
| title_sort | optimal on load tap changer tap control method for voltage compliance rate improvement in distribution systems based on field measurement data |
| topic | distribution system OLTC tap control voltage compliance rate smart meter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/439 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hanminlim optimalonloadtapchangertapcontrolmethodforvoltagecompliancerateimprovementindistributionsystemsbasedonfieldmeasurementdata AT jongminjo optimalonloadtapchangertapcontrolmethodforvoltagecompliancerateimprovementindistributionsystemsbasedonfieldmeasurementdata AT kwanhochun optimalonloadtapchangertapcontrolmethodforvoltagecompliancerateimprovementindistributionsystemsbasedonfieldmeasurementdata |