Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

Background. Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the higher demand of iron for growth and the loss of blood during menstruation. Consumption of foods containing iron that have higher bioavailability can reduce the risk of IDA although diets that are largely plant-base...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin, Septo Pawelas Arso, Tri Joko, Alfa Fairuz Asna, Retno Murwani, Lilik Hidayanti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6469883
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author Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin
Septo Pawelas Arso
Tri Joko
Alfa Fairuz Asna
Retno Murwani
Lilik Hidayanti
author_facet Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin
Septo Pawelas Arso
Tri Joko
Alfa Fairuz Asna
Retno Murwani
Lilik Hidayanti
author_sort Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin
collection DOAJ
description Background. Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the higher demand of iron for growth and the loss of blood during menstruation. Consumption of foods containing iron that have higher bioavailability can reduce the risk of IDA although diets that are largely plant-based, like those consumed by many Sundanese people, may not contain sufficient bioavailable iron. Here, we investigated the correlation between plant-based diets and IDA in adolescent Sundanese girls who were students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Methods. A total of 176 girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in Tasikmalaya were recruited. Nutritional intake data were obtained using 24-hr dietary recall. Blood samples were analyzed with a Sysmex-XNL instrument to measure several parameters including hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Results. The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 22.2%. Iron intake was 6.59 mg/day, which was lower than the recommended amount. The molar ratio of phytic acid to iron and vitamin C to iron was 8.72 and 0.03, respectively. There was a correlation between heme iron and both hemoglobin (p=0.009) and hematocrit (p=0.018). Iron from meat, fish, and poultry was correlated with hemoglobin (p=0.009) and hematocrit (p=0.011). Conclusion. The Sundanese plant-based diet did not affect the IDA status. Instead, IDA was associated with consumption of less animal-based foods that have iron with higher bioavailability. Increased access to an animal-based menu at the school cafeteria could be an approach to prevent IDA in students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia.
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spelling doaj-art-20113685b6394c10b4d3c3538fecbb762025-08-20T03:54:52ZengWileyJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism2090-07242090-07322021-01-01202110.1155/2021/64698836469883Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in IndonesiaMohammad Zen Rahfiludin0Septo Pawelas Arso1Tri Joko2Alfa Fairuz Asna3Retno Murwani4Lilik Hidayanti5Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, IndonesiaDepartment of Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, IndonesiaDepartment of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, IndonesiaDepartment of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, IndonesiaDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya 46115, IndonesiaBackground. Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the higher demand of iron for growth and the loss of blood during menstruation. Consumption of foods containing iron that have higher bioavailability can reduce the risk of IDA although diets that are largely plant-based, like those consumed by many Sundanese people, may not contain sufficient bioavailable iron. Here, we investigated the correlation between plant-based diets and IDA in adolescent Sundanese girls who were students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Methods. A total of 176 girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in Tasikmalaya were recruited. Nutritional intake data were obtained using 24-hr dietary recall. Blood samples were analyzed with a Sysmex-XNL instrument to measure several parameters including hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Results. The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 22.2%. Iron intake was 6.59 mg/day, which was lower than the recommended amount. The molar ratio of phytic acid to iron and vitamin C to iron was 8.72 and 0.03, respectively. There was a correlation between heme iron and both hemoglobin (p=0.009) and hematocrit (p=0.018). Iron from meat, fish, and poultry was correlated with hemoglobin (p=0.009) and hematocrit (p=0.011). Conclusion. The Sundanese plant-based diet did not affect the IDA status. Instead, IDA was associated with consumption of less animal-based foods that have iron with higher bioavailability. Increased access to an animal-based menu at the school cafeteria could be an approach to prevent IDA in students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6469883
spellingShingle Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin
Septo Pawelas Arso
Tri Joko
Alfa Fairuz Asna
Retno Murwani
Lilik Hidayanti
Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
title Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
title_full Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
title_fullStr Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
title_short Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
title_sort plant based diet and iron deficiency anemia in sundanese adolescent girls at islamic boarding schools in indonesia
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6469883
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