Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Abstract Background Since foods are consumed in combinations that also interact with other lifestyle variables such as body mass index(BMI) and physical activity, it is difficult to separate the role of single foods or a lifestyle variable alone in predicting the risk of chronic diseases such as met...
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2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01022-4 |
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| author | Ebrahim Mokhtari Hossein Farhadnejad Farshad Teymoori Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Mehrnaz Nikkhah Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_facet | Ebrahim Mokhtari Hossein Farhadnejad Farshad Teymoori Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Mehrnaz Nikkhah Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_sort | Ebrahim Mokhtari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Since foods are consumed in combinations that also interact with other lifestyle variables such as body mass index(BMI) and physical activity, it is difficult to separate the role of single foods or a lifestyle variable alone in predicting the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic disorders. Therefore, a suitable way to examine the combined effect of food consumption and its interaction with other lifestyle variables is to derive dietary patterns and lifestyle patterns using appropriate statistical methods. This study aimed to derive two dietary and lifestyle patterns related to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance(IR) using reduced rank regression(RRR) analysis. Methods The current study was conducted on 1063 individuals aged ≥ 25 years old of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who have complete data on fasting blood sugar, plasma insulin, anthropometric variables, and nutritional intakes. Dietary intakes were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary and lifestyle patterns were identified via RRR analysis, using 34 food groups, BMI, smoking, and physical activity as predictor variables, and fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR as response biomarkers. Results RRR derived a dietary pattern with a higher intake of processed meat, doogh, pickles, lemon juices, fish, and a lower intake of starchy vegetables, garlic and onion, dried fruits, nuts, red meat, dairy products, and coffee as predictive variables for IR and hyperinsulinemia. Also, RRR derived a lifestyle pattern based on the above-mentioned dietary pattern and high BMI as response variables. In the final adjusted model of cross-sectional analysis, the odds of hyperinsulinemia(OR:1.23,95%CI:1.08–1.41,Ptrend=0.002) and IR(OR:1.52,95%CI:1.25–1.86,Ptrend<0.001) were elevated with increasing each quartile of RRR-derived dietary pattern score. Also, a higher adherence to RRR-derived lifestyle pattern was associated with higher odds of hyperinsulinemia(OR:2.49,95%CI:2.14–2.88,Ptrend<0.001) and IR(OR:3.20,95%CI:2.50–4.10,Ptrend<0.001). Moreover, after three years of follow-up, the risk of hyperinsulinemia(OR:1.30,95%CI:1.08–1.56,Ptrend=0.006) and IR(OR:1.26,95%CI:1.01–1.58,Ptrend=0.037) incidence were increased per each quartile increase of the RRR-derived lifestyle pattern. Conclusions Our findings suggested that a dietary pattern and lifestyle with elevated BMI level, higher consumption of processed meat, doogh, pickles, lemon juices, and fish, and lower consumption of starchy vegetables, garlic and onion, dried fruits, nuts, red meat, dairy products, coffee may be associated with a higher risk of hyperinsulinemia and IR. It is suggested that further studies with a larger sample size and more extended follow-up duration, especially in other populations with different lifestyles and food habits be performed to confirm the findings of the current study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-200ceb20977c4a648324605d9e229637 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2055-0928 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-200ceb20977c4a648324605d9e2296372025-02-09T12:16:34ZengBMCBMC Nutrition2055-09282025-02-011111910.1186/s40795-025-01022-4Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose StudyEbrahim Mokhtari0Hossein Farhadnejad1Farshad Teymoori2Mitra Kazemi Jahromi3Mehrnaz Nikkhah4Parvin Mirmiran5Fereidoun Azizi6Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutritional Sciences Research Center, Iran University of Medical SciencesEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Since foods are consumed in combinations that also interact with other lifestyle variables such as body mass index(BMI) and physical activity, it is difficult to separate the role of single foods or a lifestyle variable alone in predicting the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic disorders. Therefore, a suitable way to examine the combined effect of food consumption and its interaction with other lifestyle variables is to derive dietary patterns and lifestyle patterns using appropriate statistical methods. This study aimed to derive two dietary and lifestyle patterns related to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance(IR) using reduced rank regression(RRR) analysis. Methods The current study was conducted on 1063 individuals aged ≥ 25 years old of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who have complete data on fasting blood sugar, plasma insulin, anthropometric variables, and nutritional intakes. Dietary intakes were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary and lifestyle patterns were identified via RRR analysis, using 34 food groups, BMI, smoking, and physical activity as predictor variables, and fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR as response biomarkers. Results RRR derived a dietary pattern with a higher intake of processed meat, doogh, pickles, lemon juices, fish, and a lower intake of starchy vegetables, garlic and onion, dried fruits, nuts, red meat, dairy products, and coffee as predictive variables for IR and hyperinsulinemia. Also, RRR derived a lifestyle pattern based on the above-mentioned dietary pattern and high BMI as response variables. In the final adjusted model of cross-sectional analysis, the odds of hyperinsulinemia(OR:1.23,95%CI:1.08–1.41,Ptrend=0.002) and IR(OR:1.52,95%CI:1.25–1.86,Ptrend<0.001) were elevated with increasing each quartile of RRR-derived dietary pattern score. Also, a higher adherence to RRR-derived lifestyle pattern was associated with higher odds of hyperinsulinemia(OR:2.49,95%CI:2.14–2.88,Ptrend<0.001) and IR(OR:3.20,95%CI:2.50–4.10,Ptrend<0.001). Moreover, after three years of follow-up, the risk of hyperinsulinemia(OR:1.30,95%CI:1.08–1.56,Ptrend=0.006) and IR(OR:1.26,95%CI:1.01–1.58,Ptrend=0.037) incidence were increased per each quartile increase of the RRR-derived lifestyle pattern. Conclusions Our findings suggested that a dietary pattern and lifestyle with elevated BMI level, higher consumption of processed meat, doogh, pickles, lemon juices, and fish, and lower consumption of starchy vegetables, garlic and onion, dried fruits, nuts, red meat, dairy products, coffee may be associated with a higher risk of hyperinsulinemia and IR. It is suggested that further studies with a larger sample size and more extended follow-up duration, especially in other populations with different lifestyles and food habits be performed to confirm the findings of the current study.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01022-4Reduced rank regressionDietLifestyleHyperinsulinemiaInsulin resistance |
| spellingShingle | Ebrahim Mokhtari Hossein Farhadnejad Farshad Teymoori Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Mehrnaz Nikkhah Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study BMC Nutrition Reduced rank regression Diet Lifestyle Hyperinsulinemia Insulin resistance |
| title | Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study |
| title_full | Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study |
| title_fullStr | Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study |
| title_short | Dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin-related disorders: a prospective analysis from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study |
| title_sort | dietary and lifestyle patterns identified through reduced rank regression and their association with insulin related disorders a prospective analysis from the tehran lipid and glucose study |
| topic | Reduced rank regression Diet Lifestyle Hyperinsulinemia Insulin resistance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01022-4 |
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