Foods and Beverages Associated with Smoking Craving in Heated Tobacco Product and Cigarette Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction Certain foods and beverages are associated with smoking craving. However, only few studies have explored the relationship between food or beverage-related and taste-associated smoking craving. In this study, we aimed to identify the types of foods related to smoking craving in Japanese...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Foods-and-Beverages-Associated-with-Smoking-Craving-in-Heated-Tobacco-Product-and,175623,0,2.html |
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| Summary: | Introduction
Certain foods and beverages are associated with smoking craving.
However, only few studies have explored the relationship between food or
beverage-related and taste-associated smoking craving. In this study, we aimed
to identify the types of foods related to smoking craving in Japanese individuals
who smoke cigarettes or heated tobacco products (HTPs).
Methods
A total of 657 individuals (HTP and cigarette smokers and never smokers)
participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were asked what foods/
beverages, tastes, seasonings, cooking methods, and cuisine categories, made them
want to smoke and what foods they consumed.
Results
Alcoholic beverages such as beer, coffee, and fat-rich foods were associated
with a higher likelihood of smoking craving. Fruits, dairy products such as milk,
and sweet and sour tastes, were associated with a lower likelihood of smoking
craving. The daily intake of fruit and dairy products was significantly lower in
cigarette and HTP smokers than in non-smokers (median fruit intake: nonsmokers,
46.4 g/1000 kcal/day; cigarette smokers, 22.2 g/1000 kcal/day; HTP
smokers, 31.4 g/1000 kcal/day; p<0.001; median dairy product intake: nonsmokers,
76.3 g/day; cigarette smokers, 48.2 g/day; HTP smokers, 57.6 g/day;
p<0.001) as assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (BDHQ).
Conclusions
Specific foods and beverages such as alcohol, fruits, and dairy products
are related to smoking craving, and their intake differs according to smoking
status. |
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| ISSN: | 1617-9625 |