Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to organ dysfunction, which increases the incidence of unfavorable outcomes in patients. However, adjuvant drug therapy for HS has not been widely accepted, and the benefits of vasopressors are generally considered to have insufficient evidence. Energy homeostasis disrup...

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Main Authors: Qingxia Huang, Yisa Wang, Zepeng Zhang, Mingxia Wu, Jiaqi Liu, Jinjin Chen, Jing Li, Yao Yao, Chen Guo, Daqing Zhao, Wenxiu Qi, Xiangyan Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmacological Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104366182500180X
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author Qingxia Huang
Yisa Wang
Zepeng Zhang
Mingxia Wu
Jiaqi Liu
Jinjin Chen
Jing Li
Yao Yao
Chen Guo
Daqing Zhao
Wenxiu Qi
Xiangyan Li
author_facet Qingxia Huang
Yisa Wang
Zepeng Zhang
Mingxia Wu
Jiaqi Liu
Jinjin Chen
Jing Li
Yao Yao
Chen Guo
Daqing Zhao
Wenxiu Qi
Xiangyan Li
author_sort Qingxia Huang
collection DOAJ
description Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to organ dysfunction, which increases the incidence of unfavorable outcomes in patients. However, adjuvant drug therapy for HS has not been widely accepted, and the benefits of vasopressors are generally considered to have insufficient evidence. Energy homeostasis disruption and excessive immune system activation are the main mechanisms underlying HS-induced organ dysfunction. Recent reports on HS animal models and clinical trials have revealed potential drugs that target the immune response, oxidative damage, and energy homeostasis in HS, providing new insights for the treatment of HS-induced organ dysfunction. In this review, we first discuss the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction involved in HS injury and then systematically review potential drugs that regulate immunity, the inflammatory response, oxidative damage, energy homeostasis, and cell death. We also review the available drugs with clinical evidence of HS-induced organ dysfunction efficacy. Treatment strategies combined with an improved understanding of the organ injury mechanisms of HS may help identify and develop targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe organ dysfunction and reduce mortality caused by HS injury.
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publisher Elsevier
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series Pharmacological Research
spelling doaj-art-1ff9c12f976b457d876f38ebcd9b899d2025-08-20T03:25:59ZengElsevierPharmacological Research1096-11862025-06-0121610775510.1016/j.phrs.2025.107755Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicinesQingxia Huang0Yisa Wang1Zepeng Zhang2Mingxia Wu3Jiaqi Liu4Jinjin Chen5Jing Li6Yao Yao7Chen Guo8Daqing Zhao9Wenxiu Qi10Xiangyan Li11Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaResearch Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, ChinaNortheast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China; Corresponding authors.Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China; Corresponding authors.Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to organ dysfunction, which increases the incidence of unfavorable outcomes in patients. However, adjuvant drug therapy for HS has not been widely accepted, and the benefits of vasopressors are generally considered to have insufficient evidence. Energy homeostasis disruption and excessive immune system activation are the main mechanisms underlying HS-induced organ dysfunction. Recent reports on HS animal models and clinical trials have revealed potential drugs that target the immune response, oxidative damage, and energy homeostasis in HS, providing new insights for the treatment of HS-induced organ dysfunction. In this review, we first discuss the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction involved in HS injury and then systematically review potential drugs that regulate immunity, the inflammatory response, oxidative damage, energy homeostasis, and cell death. We also review the available drugs with clinical evidence of HS-induced organ dysfunction efficacy. Treatment strategies combined with an improved understanding of the organ injury mechanisms of HS may help identify and develop targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe organ dysfunction and reduce mortality caused by HS injury.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104366182500180XHemorrhagic shockOrgan dysfunctionPharmacotherapyInflammationEnergy homeostasis
spellingShingle Qingxia Huang
Yisa Wang
Zepeng Zhang
Mingxia Wu
Jiaqi Liu
Jinjin Chen
Jing Li
Yao Yao
Chen Guo
Daqing Zhao
Wenxiu Qi
Xiangyan Li
Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
Pharmacological Research
Hemorrhagic shock
Organ dysfunction
Pharmacotherapy
Inflammation
Energy homeostasis
title Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
title_full Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
title_fullStr Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
title_full_unstemmed Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
title_short Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
title_sort organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
topic Hemorrhagic shock
Organ dysfunction
Pharmacotherapy
Inflammation
Energy homeostasis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104366182500180X
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