Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments
Heavy metal contamination in coastal sediments poses significant risks to marine ecosystems and human health. The western side of the Madura Strait, Indonesia, is particularly vulnerable due to its proximity to urban and industrial activities. This study assesses the contamination levels and spatial...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025012320 |
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| author | Alfin Fatwa M Afifudin Hafidya Norista Pramesti Rony Irawanto Anta Sari Agoes Soegianto Moch Affandi Carolyn Melissa Payus |
| author_facet | Alfin Fatwa M Afifudin Hafidya Norista Pramesti Rony Irawanto Anta Sari Agoes Soegianto Moch Affandi Carolyn Melissa Payus |
| author_sort | Alfin Fatwa M Afifudin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metal contamination in coastal sediments poses significant risks to marine ecosystems and human health. The western side of the Madura Strait, Indonesia, is particularly vulnerable due to its proximity to urban and industrial activities. This study assesses the contamination levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), in the sediments of six locations in the western Madura Strait. Contamination was evaluated using indices such as the Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (CD), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), and Ecological Risk Index (RI). Sediment samples were analyzed for metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and spatial distributions were mapped. The results indicated that the CF values for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were 0.9, 1, 1.5, 14.4, and 2.8, respectively, signifying a range from low to very high contamination. The CD value was 20.5, indicating a considerable degree of contamination. PLI value of 11.5, which indicates that the area is polluted. EF and Igeo confirmed Cu as the dominant pollutant. ER analysis revealed that Cu posed the highest risk, categorized as moderate risk and considerable risk, particularly at Location E. Supported by the RI values (111), which indicate that the area is classified as low ecological risk category. Furthermore, SPI values between 0.6 and 1.4 categorized sediments as natural pollution levels. Silt-dominated sediments exhibited the greatest concentrations of Pb and Cr. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ff21df177be4e859250ec02fcb1f323 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ff21df177be4e859250ec02fcb1f3232025-08-20T03:52:29ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610515710.1016/j.rineng.2025.105157Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sedimentsAlfin Fatwa M Afifudin0Hafidya Norista Pramesti1Rony Irawanto2Anta Sari3Agoes Soegianto4Moch Affandi5Carolyn Melissa Payus6Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, IndonesiaCenter of Environment Research and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Jl. Dr. Ir. Soekarno, Surabaya, Indonesia.Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaFaculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MalaysiaHeavy metal contamination in coastal sediments poses significant risks to marine ecosystems and human health. The western side of the Madura Strait, Indonesia, is particularly vulnerable due to its proximity to urban and industrial activities. This study assesses the contamination levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), in the sediments of six locations in the western Madura Strait. Contamination was evaluated using indices such as the Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (CD), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), and Ecological Risk Index (RI). Sediment samples were analyzed for metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and spatial distributions were mapped. The results indicated that the CF values for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were 0.9, 1, 1.5, 14.4, and 2.8, respectively, signifying a range from low to very high contamination. The CD value was 20.5, indicating a considerable degree of contamination. PLI value of 11.5, which indicates that the area is polluted. EF and Igeo confirmed Cu as the dominant pollutant. ER analysis revealed that Cu posed the highest risk, categorized as moderate risk and considerable risk, particularly at Location E. Supported by the RI values (111), which indicate that the area is classified as low ecological risk category. Furthermore, SPI values between 0.6 and 1.4 categorized sediments as natural pollution levels. Silt-dominated sediments exhibited the greatest concentrations of Pb and Cr.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025012320Marine pollutionEcological assessmentHeavy metalsMadura straitSpatial distribution |
| spellingShingle | Alfin Fatwa M Afifudin Hafidya Norista Pramesti Rony Irawanto Anta Sari Agoes Soegianto Moch Affandi Carolyn Melissa Payus Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments Results in Engineering Marine pollution Ecological assessment Heavy metals Madura strait Spatial distribution |
| title | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments |
| title_full | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments |
| title_fullStr | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments |
| title_short | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western Madura strait sediments |
| title_sort | spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in western madura strait sediments |
| topic | Marine pollution Ecological assessment Heavy metals Madura strait Spatial distribution |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025012320 |
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