Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysis

Summary: Social interactions affect emotional well-being, yet their temporal dynamics remain understudied in natural settings. We examined these patterns through an experience sampling method study with 80 participants over two weeks (k = 3,716 assessments), combining Bluetooth device counts (n = 12...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: David Willinger, Stefan Stieger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:iScience
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225009873
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849725748443611136
author David Willinger
Stefan Stieger
author_facet David Willinger
Stefan Stieger
author_sort David Willinger
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Social interactions affect emotional well-being, yet their temporal dynamics remain understudied in natural settings. We examined these patterns through an experience sampling method study with 80 participants over two weeks (k = 3,716 assessments), combining Bluetooth device counts (n = 123,574) as a social presence proxy with self-reported emotional states. Using linear mixed-effects models, continuous-time structural equation models, and multi-state Markov analyses, we uncovered complex temporal relationships between social presence and emotions. Our findings revealed that social presence was associated with increased immediate vigor and reduced dejection, followed by delayed fatigue. Bidirectional relationships emerged between social presence and negative mood, with peak effects occurring 3–4 h after initial contact. State-transition analyses demonstrated longer persistence of vigorous states compared to fatigued states, with social presence influencing these transitions. These results demonstrate how social-emotional processes unfold across multiple timescales, suggesting both immediate benefits and delayed costs of social presence.
format Article
id doaj-art-1ff165f471964adaa57470bc168ad586
institution DOAJ
issn 2589-0042
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series iScience
spelling doaj-art-1ff165f471964adaa57470bc168ad5862025-08-20T03:10:24ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-06-0128611272610.1016/j.isci.2025.112726Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysisDavid Willinger0Stefan Stieger1Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria; Corresponding authorDepartment of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau 3500, AustriaSummary: Social interactions affect emotional well-being, yet their temporal dynamics remain understudied in natural settings. We examined these patterns through an experience sampling method study with 80 participants over two weeks (k = 3,716 assessments), combining Bluetooth device counts (n = 123,574) as a social presence proxy with self-reported emotional states. Using linear mixed-effects models, continuous-time structural equation models, and multi-state Markov analyses, we uncovered complex temporal relationships between social presence and emotions. Our findings revealed that social presence was associated with increased immediate vigor and reduced dejection, followed by delayed fatigue. Bidirectional relationships emerged between social presence and negative mood, with peak effects occurring 3–4 h after initial contact. State-transition analyses demonstrated longer persistence of vigorous states compared to fatigued states, with social presence influencing these transitions. These results demonstrate how social-emotional processes unfold across multiple timescales, suggesting both immediate benefits and delayed costs of social presence.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225009873Social sciencesPsychologyResearch methodology social sciences
spellingShingle David Willinger
Stefan Stieger
Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysis
iScience
Social sciences
Psychology
Research methodology social sciences
title Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysis
title_full Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysis
title_fullStr Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysis
title_full_unstemmed Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysis
title_short Bluetooth-sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue: A multi-method time series analysis
title_sort bluetooth sensed social presence is associated with immediate vigor and delayed fatigue a multi method time series analysis
topic Social sciences
Psychology
Research methodology social sciences
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225009873
work_keys_str_mv AT davidwillinger bluetoothsensedsocialpresenceisassociatedwithimmediatevigoranddelayedfatigueamultimethodtimeseriesanalysis
AT stefanstieger bluetoothsensedsocialpresenceisassociatedwithimmediatevigoranddelayedfatigueamultimethodtimeseriesanalysis