Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstruction

The aim of this study was to review and update the literature in regard to the anatomy of the femoral origin of the ACL, the concept of the double band and its respective mechanical functions, and the concept of direct and indirect fibres in the ACL insertion. These topics will be used to help deter...

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Main Authors: Pedro Baches Jorge, Diego Escudeiro, Nilson Roberto Severino, Cláudio Santili, Ricardo de Paula Leite Cury, Aires Duarte Junior, Luiz Gabriel Betoni Guglielmetti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2018-12-01
Series:BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
Online Access:https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000420.full
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author Pedro Baches Jorge
Diego Escudeiro
Nilson Roberto Severino
Cláudio Santili
Ricardo de Paula Leite Cury
Aires Duarte Junior
Luiz Gabriel Betoni Guglielmetti
author_facet Pedro Baches Jorge
Diego Escudeiro
Nilson Roberto Severino
Cláudio Santili
Ricardo de Paula Leite Cury
Aires Duarte Junior
Luiz Gabriel Betoni Guglielmetti
author_sort Pedro Baches Jorge
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this study was to review and update the literature in regard to the anatomy of the femoral origin of the ACL, the concept of the double band and its respective mechanical functions, and the concept of direct and indirect fibres in the ACL insertion. These topics will be used to help determine which might be the best place to position the femoral tunnel and how this should be achieved, based on the idea of functional positioning, that is, where the most important ACL fibres in terms of knee stability are positioned. Low positioning of the femoral tunnel, reproducing more of the posterolateral band, and positioning the tunnel away from the lateral intercondylar ridge, that is, in the indirect fibres, would theoretically rebuild a ligament that is less effective in relation to knee stability. The techniques described to determine the femoral tunnel’s centre point all involve some degree of subjectivity; the point is defined manually and depends on the surgeon’s expertise. The centre of the ACL insertion in the femur should be used as a parameter. Once the centre of the ligament in its footprint is marked, the centre of the tunnel must be defined, drawing the marking toward the intercondylar ridge and anteromedial band. This will allow the femoral tunnel to occupy the region containing the most important original ACL fibres in terms of this ligament’s function.
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spelling doaj-art-1fbdfabbe43c4841a5f415d46ba705752025-08-20T02:17:00ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine2055-76472018-12-014110.1136/bmjsem-2018-000420Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstructionPedro Baches Jorge0Diego Escudeiro1Nilson Roberto Severino2Cláudio Santili3Ricardo de Paula Leite Cury4Aires Duarte Junior5Luiz Gabriel Betoni Guglielmetti6Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, São Paulo, BrazilThe aim of this study was to review and update the literature in regard to the anatomy of the femoral origin of the ACL, the concept of the double band and its respective mechanical functions, and the concept of direct and indirect fibres in the ACL insertion. These topics will be used to help determine which might be the best place to position the femoral tunnel and how this should be achieved, based on the idea of functional positioning, that is, where the most important ACL fibres in terms of knee stability are positioned. Low positioning of the femoral tunnel, reproducing more of the posterolateral band, and positioning the tunnel away from the lateral intercondylar ridge, that is, in the indirect fibres, would theoretically rebuild a ligament that is less effective in relation to knee stability. The techniques described to determine the femoral tunnel’s centre point all involve some degree of subjectivity; the point is defined manually and depends on the surgeon’s expertise. The centre of the ACL insertion in the femur should be used as a parameter. Once the centre of the ligament in its footprint is marked, the centre of the tunnel must be defined, drawing the marking toward the intercondylar ridge and anteromedial band. This will allow the femoral tunnel to occupy the region containing the most important original ACL fibres in terms of this ligament’s function.https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000420.full
spellingShingle Pedro Baches Jorge
Diego Escudeiro
Nilson Roberto Severino
Cláudio Santili
Ricardo de Paula Leite Cury
Aires Duarte Junior
Luiz Gabriel Betoni Guglielmetti
Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstruction
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
title Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstruction
title_full Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstruction
title_fullStr Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstruction
title_full_unstemmed Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstruction
title_short Positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: functional anatomical reconstruction
title_sort positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction functional anatomical reconstruction
url https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000420.full
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