Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies

Background Dementia is a prevalent, progressive, neurodegenerative condition with multifactorial causes. Due to the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatments for dementia, there are growing clinical and research interests in using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a potential non-pharmacological...

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Main Authors: Ronald Kamoga, Godfrey Zari Rukundo, Samuel Kalungi, Wilson Adriko, Gladys Nakidde, Celestino Obua, Johnes Obongoloch, Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIMS Press 2024-09-01
Series:AIMS Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/Neuroscience.2024024?viewType=HTML
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author Ronald Kamoga
Godfrey Zari Rukundo
Samuel Kalungi
Wilson Adriko
Gladys Nakidde
Celestino Obua
Johnes Obongoloch
Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo
author_facet Ronald Kamoga
Godfrey Zari Rukundo
Samuel Kalungi
Wilson Adriko
Gladys Nakidde
Celestino Obua
Johnes Obongoloch
Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo
author_sort Ronald Kamoga
collection DOAJ
description Background Dementia is a prevalent, progressive, neurodegenerative condition with multifactorial causes. Due to the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatments for dementia, there are growing clinical and research interests in using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for dementia. However, the extent of the research volume and nature into the effects of VNS on dementia is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the extent and nature of research activities in relation to the use of VNS in dementia and disseminate research findings for the potential utility in dementia care. Methods We performed a scoping review of literature searches in PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane databases from 1980 to November 30th, 2023, including the reference lists of the identified studies. The following search terms were utilized: brain stimulation, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vagal stimulation, memory loss, Deme*, cognit*, VNS, and Cranial nerve stimulation. The included studies met the following conditions: primary research articles pertaining to both humans and animals for both longitudinal and cross-sectional study designs and published in English from January 1st, 1980, to November 30th, 2023; investigated VNS in either dementia or cognitive impairment; and were not case studies, conference proceedings/abstracts, commentaries, or ordinary review papers. Findings and conclusions We identified 8062 articles, and after screening for eligibility (sequentially by titles, abstracts and full text reading, and duplicate removal), 10 studies were included in the review. All the studies included in this literature review were conducted over the last three decades in high-income geographical regions (i.e., Europe, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China), with the majority of them (7/10) being performed in humans. The main reported outcomes of VNS in the dementia cases were enhanced cognitive functions, an increased functional connectivity of various brain regions involved in learning and memory, microglial structural modifications from neurodestructive to neuroprotective configurations, a reduction of cerebral spinal fluid tau-proteins, and significant evoked brain tissue potentials that could be utilized to diagnose neurodegenerative disorders. The study outcomes highlight the potential for VNS to be used as a non-pharmacological therapy for cognitive impairment in dementia-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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spelling doaj-art-1faa07b80f924158aabbf7c5278b53642025-08-20T01:47:40ZengAIMS PressAIMS Neuroscience2373-79722024-09-0111339842010.3934/Neuroscience.2024024Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studiesRonald Kamoga0Godfrey Zari Rukundo1Samuel Kalungi2Wilson Adriko 3Gladys Nakidde4Celestino Obua 5Johnes Obongoloch6Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo 71. Department of Anatomy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda2. Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda3. Makerere University, School of health sciences, Department of Pathology. Kampala, Uganda4. Library department, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara Uganda5. Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda6. Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda7. Department of Biomedical engineering, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda8. University of the Witwatersrand, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South AfricaBackground Dementia is a prevalent, progressive, neurodegenerative condition with multifactorial causes. Due to the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatments for dementia, there are growing clinical and research interests in using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for dementia. However, the extent of the research volume and nature into the effects of VNS on dementia is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the extent and nature of research activities in relation to the use of VNS in dementia and disseminate research findings for the potential utility in dementia care. Methods We performed a scoping review of literature searches in PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane databases from 1980 to November 30th, 2023, including the reference lists of the identified studies. The following search terms were utilized: brain stimulation, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vagal stimulation, memory loss, Deme*, cognit*, VNS, and Cranial nerve stimulation. The included studies met the following conditions: primary research articles pertaining to both humans and animals for both longitudinal and cross-sectional study designs and published in English from January 1st, 1980, to November 30th, 2023; investigated VNS in either dementia or cognitive impairment; and were not case studies, conference proceedings/abstracts, commentaries, or ordinary review papers. Findings and conclusions We identified 8062 articles, and after screening for eligibility (sequentially by titles, abstracts and full text reading, and duplicate removal), 10 studies were included in the review. All the studies included in this literature review were conducted over the last three decades in high-income geographical regions (i.e., Europe, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China), with the majority of them (7/10) being performed in humans. The main reported outcomes of VNS in the dementia cases were enhanced cognitive functions, an increased functional connectivity of various brain regions involved in learning and memory, microglial structural modifications from neurodestructive to neuroprotective configurations, a reduction of cerebral spinal fluid tau-proteins, and significant evoked brain tissue potentials that could be utilized to diagnose neurodegenerative disorders. The study outcomes highlight the potential for VNS to be used as a non-pharmacological therapy for cognitive impairment in dementia-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/Neuroscience.2024024?viewType=HTMLcognitive impairmentdementiaalzheimer's diseasevagus nerve stimulationbrain stimulation
spellingShingle Ronald Kamoga
Godfrey Zari Rukundo
Samuel Kalungi
Wilson Adriko
Gladys Nakidde
Celestino Obua
Johnes Obongoloch
Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo
Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies
AIMS Neuroscience
cognitive impairment
dementia
alzheimer's disease
vagus nerve stimulation
brain stimulation
title Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies
title_full Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies
title_fullStr Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies
title_full_unstemmed Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies
title_short Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies
title_sort vagus nerve stimulation in dementia a scoping review of clinical and pre clinical studies
topic cognitive impairment
dementia
alzheimer's disease
vagus nerve stimulation
brain stimulation
url https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/Neuroscience.2024024?viewType=HTML
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