Spectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest Pakistan

Abstract Incised valley sandfills are globally renowned for forming excellent stratigraphic traps. These incised valleys are developed during the extensively falling stage of the sea, followed by a negligible rise, which fills the incised valleys with coarse-grained reservoir facies. However, sea-le...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Tayyab Naseer, Sultan Alshehery, Ilyas Khan, George Kontakiotis, Panayota Makri, Evangelia Besiou, Assimina Antonarakou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-025-02038-z
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author Muhammad Tayyab Naseer
Sultan Alshehery
Ilyas Khan
George Kontakiotis
Panayota Makri
Evangelia Besiou
Assimina Antonarakou
author_facet Muhammad Tayyab Naseer
Sultan Alshehery
Ilyas Khan
George Kontakiotis
Panayota Makri
Evangelia Besiou
Assimina Antonarakou
author_sort Muhammad Tayyab Naseer
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Incised valley sandfills are globally renowned for forming excellent stratigraphic traps. These incised valleys are developed during the extensively falling stage of the sea, followed by a negligible rise, which fills the incised valleys with coarse-grained reservoir facies. However, sea-level fluctuations cause fluctuations in the lateral distribution of the reservoir. Hence, it becomes very difficult to simulate the exact thickness, impedances, and lateral phase changes. Hence, these might act as direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI). Therefore, this study applies the state-of-the-art spectral decomposition and static acoustic impedance reservoir simulations tool to determine the thin-bedded reservoirs within a stratigraphically complex unit for implicating the future well drilling strategies for the known gas field of Indus Onshore, Pakistan. The key emphasis was given to the selection and optimizations of the spectral waveform-based simulations. The outcomes of these simulations were to develop strategies for horizontal well drillings. The stratigraphic traps are NNW-SSE oriented with localized transpressional fault-controlled components. These fault-controlled components have played a vital role in the upward migration of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir facies. The 21-Hz, 29-Hz, and 41-Hz tuning blocks outline the hydrocarbon-bearing sand-filled reservoir facies inside the Lowstands system tract (LST). The 57-Hz tuning block recognizes the transgressive seal facies at the top of the LST. The bandlimited static reservoir model (SRM) shows some noise events within the sedimentary reflections. The 21-Hz spectral wavelet-based developed SRM has enhanced the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for imaging a 34 m thick sand-filled lens. Consequently, this study serves as an analog for global shallow-marine incised valley systems.
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spelling doaj-art-1fa93a585af84f7b9cda7f5baf33f5d02025-08-20T03:04:17ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology2190-05582190-05662025-08-0115812010.1007/s13202-025-02038-zSpectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest PakistanMuhammad Tayyab Naseer0Sultan Alshehery1Ilyas Khan2George Kontakiotis3Panayota Makri4Evangelia Besiou5Assimina Antonarakou6Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityCollege of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, King Khalid UniversityDepartment of Mathematics, Saveetha School of EngineeringDepartment of Historical Geology-Paleontology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Earth Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensDepartment of Historical Geology-Paleontology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Earth Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensDepartment of Historical Geology-Paleontology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Earth Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensDepartment of Historical Geology-Paleontology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Earth Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAbstract Incised valley sandfills are globally renowned for forming excellent stratigraphic traps. These incised valleys are developed during the extensively falling stage of the sea, followed by a negligible rise, which fills the incised valleys with coarse-grained reservoir facies. However, sea-level fluctuations cause fluctuations in the lateral distribution of the reservoir. Hence, it becomes very difficult to simulate the exact thickness, impedances, and lateral phase changes. Hence, these might act as direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI). Therefore, this study applies the state-of-the-art spectral decomposition and static acoustic impedance reservoir simulations tool to determine the thin-bedded reservoirs within a stratigraphically complex unit for implicating the future well drilling strategies for the known gas field of Indus Onshore, Pakistan. The key emphasis was given to the selection and optimizations of the spectral waveform-based simulations. The outcomes of these simulations were to develop strategies for horizontal well drillings. The stratigraphic traps are NNW-SSE oriented with localized transpressional fault-controlled components. These fault-controlled components have played a vital role in the upward migration of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir facies. The 21-Hz, 29-Hz, and 41-Hz tuning blocks outline the hydrocarbon-bearing sand-filled reservoir facies inside the Lowstands system tract (LST). The 57-Hz tuning block recognizes the transgressive seal facies at the top of the LST. The bandlimited static reservoir model (SRM) shows some noise events within the sedimentary reflections. The 21-Hz spectral wavelet-based developed SRM has enhanced the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for imaging a 34 m thick sand-filled lens. Consequently, this study serves as an analog for global shallow-marine incised valley systems.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-025-02038-zSpectrum analysisNNW-SSE fault systemsTranspressional faultStatic wedge modelingWavelet extractionThin-beds
spellingShingle Muhammad Tayyab Naseer
Sultan Alshehery
Ilyas Khan
George Kontakiotis
Panayota Makri
Evangelia Besiou
Assimina Antonarakou
Spectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest Pakistan
Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
Spectrum analysis
NNW-SSE fault systems
Transpressional fault
Static wedge modeling
Wavelet extraction
Thin-beds
title Spectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest Pakistan
title_full Spectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest Pakistan
title_fullStr Spectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Spectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest Pakistan
title_short Spectral decomposition-based static reservoir simulations image Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing incised-valley, Southwest Pakistan
title_sort spectral decomposition based static reservoir simulations image cretaceous hydrocarbon bearing incised valley southwest pakistan
topic Spectrum analysis
NNW-SSE fault systems
Transpressional fault
Static wedge modeling
Wavelet extraction
Thin-beds
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-025-02038-z
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