Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus

Abstract This study investigated corneal epithelial thickness and its distribution in keratoconus (KC) and forme fruste keratoconus (FFK). A total of 35 KC eyes, 25 FFK eyes, and 35 control eyes underwent anterior segment-optical coherence tomography for corneal epithelial evaluation. Sixty KC eyes...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nomuundari Sukhee, Hiroyuki Namba, Marie Ikeda, Sera Ichinohasama, Tomoyuki Kurihara, Nene Okamoto, Junko Yoshida, Tomohiko Usui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07663-6
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849334509668925440
author Nomuundari Sukhee
Hiroyuki Namba
Marie Ikeda
Sera Ichinohasama
Tomoyuki Kurihara
Nene Okamoto
Junko Yoshida
Tomohiko Usui
author_facet Nomuundari Sukhee
Hiroyuki Namba
Marie Ikeda
Sera Ichinohasama
Tomoyuki Kurihara
Nene Okamoto
Junko Yoshida
Tomohiko Usui
author_sort Nomuundari Sukhee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigated corneal epithelial thickness and its distribution in keratoconus (KC) and forme fruste keratoconus (FFK). A total of 35 KC eyes, 25 FFK eyes, and 35 control eyes underwent anterior segment-optical coherence tomography for corneal epithelial evaluation. Sixty KC eyes were included for the assessment of epithelial changes according to KC severity. Epithelial thickness in the central, paracentral, and peripheral areas—each subdivided into eight zones—was statistically analysed. Minimum, maximum, and average epithelial thicknesses were reduced in KC eyes, especially in the inferior and inferior-temporal zones. Standard deviations were greater in KC eyes across nearly all zones. In FFK and KC eyes, the differences between superior and inferior epithelial thickness were significantly altered compared to control eyes. According to the Amsler–Krumeich classification, more advanced KC stages were associated with greater corneal thinning. Epithelial heterogeneity decreased in the central and paracentral area as a result of superior epithelial thinning, whereas it increased in the peripheral area with KC progression. Epithelial thickness and distribution were altered in KC and even in FFK eyes with normal topography. Different stages of KC may exhibit distinct epithelial remodelling patterns.
format Article
id doaj-art-1f88199e9a0143c6a8fed1371d01dd47
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-1f88199e9a0143c6a8fed1371d01dd472025-08-20T03:45:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-07663-6Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconusNomuundari Sukhee0Hiroyuki Namba1Marie Ikeda2Sera Ichinohasama3Tomoyuki Kurihara4Nene Okamoto5Junko Yoshida6Tomohiko Usui7Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineAbstract This study investigated corneal epithelial thickness and its distribution in keratoconus (KC) and forme fruste keratoconus (FFK). A total of 35 KC eyes, 25 FFK eyes, and 35 control eyes underwent anterior segment-optical coherence tomography for corneal epithelial evaluation. Sixty KC eyes were included for the assessment of epithelial changes according to KC severity. Epithelial thickness in the central, paracentral, and peripheral areas—each subdivided into eight zones—was statistically analysed. Minimum, maximum, and average epithelial thicknesses were reduced in KC eyes, especially in the inferior and inferior-temporal zones. Standard deviations were greater in KC eyes across nearly all zones. In FFK and KC eyes, the differences between superior and inferior epithelial thickness were significantly altered compared to control eyes. According to the Amsler–Krumeich classification, more advanced KC stages were associated with greater corneal thinning. Epithelial heterogeneity decreased in the central and paracentral area as a result of superior epithelial thinning, whereas it increased in the peripheral area with KC progression. Epithelial thickness and distribution were altered in KC and even in FFK eyes with normal topography. Different stages of KC may exhibit distinct epithelial remodelling patterns.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07663-6KeratoconusForme fruste keratoconusCorneal tomographyEpithelium
spellingShingle Nomuundari Sukhee
Hiroyuki Namba
Marie Ikeda
Sera Ichinohasama
Tomoyuki Kurihara
Nene Okamoto
Junko Yoshida
Tomohiko Usui
Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus
Scientific Reports
Keratoconus
Forme fruste keratoconus
Corneal tomography
Epithelium
title Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus
title_full Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus
title_fullStr Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus
title_full_unstemmed Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus
title_short Corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus
title_sort corneal epithelium is altered in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus
topic Keratoconus
Forme fruste keratoconus
Corneal tomography
Epithelium
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07663-6
work_keys_str_mv AT nomuundarisukhee cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus
AT hiroyukinamba cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus
AT marieikeda cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus
AT seraichinohasama cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus
AT tomoyukikurihara cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus
AT neneokamoto cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus
AT junkoyoshida cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus
AT tomohikousui cornealepitheliumisalteredinkeratoconusandformefrustekeratoconus