Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t Know

The present review summarizes the effects of manipulating different resistance exercise variables on jumps, sprints, and changes of direction (CODs) in soccer. Regarding jumps, moderate-to-high loads, full range of movement (ROM), non-failure sets, and a moderate training volume are recommended. Dif...

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Main Authors: Sandro Bartolomei, Marco Beato, Giuseppe Coratella
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/145
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author Sandro Bartolomei
Marco Beato
Giuseppe Coratella
author_facet Sandro Bartolomei
Marco Beato
Giuseppe Coratella
author_sort Sandro Bartolomei
collection DOAJ
description The present review summarizes the effects of manipulating different resistance exercise variables on jumps, sprints, and changes of direction (CODs) in soccer. Regarding jumps, moderate-to-high loads, full range of movement (ROM), non-failure sets, and a moderate training volume are recommended. Different external resistances like constant-load, flywheel, or elastic bands, as well as various movement velocities and select exercises, are equally effective. As for sprints, moderate-to-high loads, constant load or flywheel but not elastic resistances, movements performed at full ROM, non-failure sets, and moderate-to-high training volume might be more effective, while numerous movement velocities and exercises could be chosen. As for CODs, moderate-to-high loads, flywheel more than constant-load resistance, and a moderate-to-high total number of repetitions are recommended, while several movement velocities and exercises could be selected, though ROM needs investigation. The effectiveness of concentric-only vs. eccentric-only training on jumps, sprints, and CODs has not been investigated, while an external focus and inter-set rest > 2 min are theoretically preferable, albeit not proven. Importantly, high movement velocity is not a prerogative of effectiveness, and limited ROM is not associated with sport-specific patterns such as jumps. Practitioners in soccer may manipulate resistance exercise variables depending on the purpose.
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spelling doaj-art-1f7828c00928447ea0c8fcb4752dd4202025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422025-04-0110214510.3390/jfmk10020145Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t KnowSandro Bartolomei0Marco Beato1Giuseppe Coratella2Department of Life Quality Studies, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalySchool of Health and Sports Science, University of Suffolk, Ipswich IP4 1QJ, UKDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyThe present review summarizes the effects of manipulating different resistance exercise variables on jumps, sprints, and changes of direction (CODs) in soccer. Regarding jumps, moderate-to-high loads, full range of movement (ROM), non-failure sets, and a moderate training volume are recommended. Different external resistances like constant-load, flywheel, or elastic bands, as well as various movement velocities and select exercises, are equally effective. As for sprints, moderate-to-high loads, constant load or flywheel but not elastic resistances, movements performed at full ROM, non-failure sets, and moderate-to-high training volume might be more effective, while numerous movement velocities and exercises could be chosen. As for CODs, moderate-to-high loads, flywheel more than constant-load resistance, and a moderate-to-high total number of repetitions are recommended, while several movement velocities and exercises could be selected, though ROM needs investigation. The effectiveness of concentric-only vs. eccentric-only training on jumps, sprints, and CODs has not been investigated, while an external focus and inter-set rest > 2 min are theoretically preferable, albeit not proven. Importantly, high movement velocity is not a prerogative of effectiveness, and limited ROM is not associated with sport-specific patterns such as jumps. Practitioners in soccer may manipulate resistance exercise variables depending on the purpose.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/145footballresistance trainingstrengthvelocity-based trainingvelocity lossrange of movement
spellingShingle Sandro Bartolomei
Marco Beato
Giuseppe Coratella
Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t Know
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
football
resistance training
strength
velocity-based training
velocity loss
range of movement
title Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t Know
title_full Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t Know
title_fullStr Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t Know
title_full_unstemmed Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t Know
title_short Manipulating Resistance Exercise Variables to Improve Jumps, Sprints, and Changes of Direction in Soccer: What We Know and What We Don’t Know
title_sort manipulating resistance exercise variables to improve jumps sprints and changes of direction in soccer what we know and what we don t know
topic football
resistance training
strength
velocity-based training
velocity loss
range of movement
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/145
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