Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater

Wastewater treatment plants in Tunisia are recognized as key locations for the spread of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. Despite the widespread presence of pollutants in these treatment systems, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of resistance dynamics....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chahnez Naccache, Chourouk Ibrahim, Abdennaceur Hassen, Maha Mezghani Khemakhem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-07-01
Series:PeerJ
Subjects:
Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/19682.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849713515931107328
author Chahnez Naccache
Chourouk Ibrahim
Abdennaceur Hassen
Maha Mezghani Khemakhem
author_facet Chahnez Naccache
Chourouk Ibrahim
Abdennaceur Hassen
Maha Mezghani Khemakhem
author_sort Chahnez Naccache
collection DOAJ
description Wastewater treatment plants in Tunisia are recognized as key locations for the spread of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. Despite the widespread presence of pollutants in these treatment systems, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of resistance dynamics. This study focused on analyzing the bacterial community and resistome-mobilome profiles of the Charguia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Using metagenomics sequencing, six samples from the influent, sludge, and effluent were thoroughly examined. Our research findings indicated the prevalence of Proteobacteria and high levels of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Campylobacterota, and Patescibacteria. After conducting a species level analysis, we identified important species such as Pseudomonas psychrophila, Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas lundensis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Thiothrix unzii linked to antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) like mdtA and merR1 and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), including czcA and cnrA. Our study illustrated the persistence of specific species in the effluent due to the co-occurrence of ARGs/MRGs and mobile genetic elements (MGE). Notably, IncQ and IncP were found to be associated with mdtA, mexR, arsR1, and merR. The conclusions drawn from our research suggest that the WWTP has been potentially effective in reducing multidrug resistance.
format Article
id doaj-art-1f6fa55a835c458e81fe106205027e6d
institution DOAJ
issn 2167-8359
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher PeerJ Inc.
record_format Article
series PeerJ
spelling doaj-art-1f6fa55a835c458e81fe106205027e6d2025-08-20T03:13:57ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-07-0113e1968210.7717/peerj.19682Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewaterChahnez Naccache0Chourouk Ibrahim1Abdennaceur Hassen2Maha Mezghani Khemakhem3Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LR01ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, TunisiaMedical Biology Laboratories Unit ULB, Ministry of Health, Tunis, TunisiaLaboratory of Treatment and 11 Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Center of Research and Water Technologies (CERTE), Borj Cédria, TunisiaLaboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LR01ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, TunisiaWastewater treatment plants in Tunisia are recognized as key locations for the spread of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. Despite the widespread presence of pollutants in these treatment systems, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of resistance dynamics. This study focused on analyzing the bacterial community and resistome-mobilome profiles of the Charguia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Using metagenomics sequencing, six samples from the influent, sludge, and effluent were thoroughly examined. Our research findings indicated the prevalence of Proteobacteria and high levels of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Campylobacterota, and Patescibacteria. After conducting a species level analysis, we identified important species such as Pseudomonas psychrophila, Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas lundensis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Thiothrix unzii linked to antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) like mdtA and merR1 and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), including czcA and cnrA. Our study illustrated the persistence of specific species in the effluent due to the co-occurrence of ARGs/MRGs and mobile genetic elements (MGE). Notably, IncQ and IncP were found to be associated with mdtA, mexR, arsR1, and merR. The conclusions drawn from our research suggest that the WWTP has been potentially effective in reducing multidrug resistance.https://peerj.com/articles/19682.pdfMetagenomicsAntibiotic and metal resistance genesWastewaterHorizontal transfer
spellingShingle Chahnez Naccache
Chourouk Ibrahim
Abdennaceur Hassen
Maha Mezghani Khemakhem
Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater
PeerJ
Metagenomics
Antibiotic and metal resistance genes
Wastewater
Horizontal transfer
title Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater
title_full Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater
title_fullStr Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater
title_full_unstemmed Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater
title_short Metagenomics-based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic/metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater
title_sort metagenomics based analysis of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic metal resistance genes carried by treated wastewater
topic Metagenomics
Antibiotic and metal resistance genes
Wastewater
Horizontal transfer
url https://peerj.com/articles/19682.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT chahneznaccache metagenomicsbasedanalysisofmobilegeneticelementsandantibioticmetalresistancegenescarriedbytreatedwastewater
AT chouroukibrahim metagenomicsbasedanalysisofmobilegeneticelementsandantibioticmetalresistancegenescarriedbytreatedwastewater
AT abdennaceurhassen metagenomicsbasedanalysisofmobilegeneticelementsandantibioticmetalresistancegenescarriedbytreatedwastewater
AT mahamezghanikhemakhem metagenomicsbasedanalysisofmobilegeneticelementsandantibioticmetalresistancegenescarriedbytreatedwastewater