Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme
The Gliomas account for 81% of all malignant central nervous system tumors and are classified by WHO into four grades of malignancy. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common grade IV glioma, exhibits an extremely aggressive phenotype and a dismal five-year survival rate of only 6%, underscorin...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3091 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849766015953534976 |
|---|---|
| author | Paweł Woźnicki Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher Agnieszka Przygórzewska David Aebisher |
| author_facet | Paweł Woźnicki Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher Agnieszka Przygórzewska David Aebisher |
| author_sort | Paweł Woźnicki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Gliomas account for 81% of all malignant central nervous system tumors and are classified by WHO into four grades of malignancy. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common grade IV glioma, exhibits an extremely aggressive phenotype and a dismal five-year survival rate of only 6%, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in particular has attracted attention for its dual cytotoxic and immunostimulatory effects. In GBM models, PDT induces immunogenic cell death characterized by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which promote antigen presentation and activate T cell responses. Additionally, PDT transiently increases blood–brain barrier permeability, facilitating immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, and enhances clearance of waste products via stimulation of meningeal lymphatic vessels. Importantly, PDT can reprogram or inactivate immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages, thereby counteracting the pro-tumoral microenvironment. Despite these encouraging findings, further preclinical and clinical studies are required to elucidate PDT’s underlying immunological mechanisms fully and to optimize treatment regimens that maximize its efficacy as part of integrated immunotherapeutic strategies against GBM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f676ed3350a4aa786180ccd2f9f4f17 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f676ed3350a4aa786180ccd2f9f4f172025-08-20T03:04:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013015309110.3390/molecules30153091Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma MultiformePaweł Woźnicki0Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher1Agnieszka Przygórzewska2David Aebisher3Doctoral School, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, PolandEnglish Division Science Club, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, PolandDepartment of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, PolandThe Gliomas account for 81% of all malignant central nervous system tumors and are classified by WHO into four grades of malignancy. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common grade IV glioma, exhibits an extremely aggressive phenotype and a dismal five-year survival rate of only 6%, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in particular has attracted attention for its dual cytotoxic and immunostimulatory effects. In GBM models, PDT induces immunogenic cell death characterized by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which promote antigen presentation and activate T cell responses. Additionally, PDT transiently increases blood–brain barrier permeability, facilitating immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, and enhances clearance of waste products via stimulation of meningeal lymphatic vessels. Importantly, PDT can reprogram or inactivate immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages, thereby counteracting the pro-tumoral microenvironment. Despite these encouraging findings, further preclinical and clinical studies are required to elucidate PDT’s underlying immunological mechanisms fully and to optimize treatment regimens that maximize its efficacy as part of integrated immunotherapeutic strategies against GBM.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3091glioblastoma multiformephotodynamic therapyimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Paweł Woźnicki Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher Agnieszka Przygórzewska David Aebisher Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme Molecules glioblastoma multiforme photodynamic therapy immunotherapy |
| title | Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_full | Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_fullStr | Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_short | Immunological Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_sort | immunological insights into photodynamic therapy of glioblastoma multiforme |
| topic | glioblastoma multiforme photodynamic therapy immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3091 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pawełwoznicki immunologicalinsightsintophotodynamictherapyofglioblastomamultiforme AT dorotabartusikaebisher immunologicalinsightsintophotodynamictherapyofglioblastomamultiforme AT agnieszkaprzygorzewska immunologicalinsightsintophotodynamictherapyofglioblastomamultiforme AT davidaebisher immunologicalinsightsintophotodynamictherapyofglioblastomamultiforme |