Coexistence of Borrelia spp. with different tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Poland

Coexistence of Borrelia spp. with different tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Poland

Abstract Ixodes ricinus tick is a primary vector of Borrelia spirochetes and various tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Multi-species infections are common among ticks, however, the mechanism by which Borrelia spp. coexists with other pathogens within the tick vector is poorly understood. Furthermore,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Julia Koczwarska, Justyna Polaczyk, Wiktoria Wieczorek, Olga Zdzienicka, Julia Żórańska, Agnieszka Pawełczyk, Renata Welc-Falęciak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Borrelia
Tick-borne pathogens
Co-infection
Ixodes ricinus
Pathogen load
Droplet digital PCR
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05885-2
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