Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant

This study explores the fabrication and characterisation of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds reinforced with calcium hydroxyapatite (cHAP) for bone tissue engineering applications. By varying the cHAP content, we aimed to enhance PLA scaffolds’ mechanical and thermal properties, making the...

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Main Authors: Francis T. Omigbodun, Norman Osa-Uwagboe, Amadi Gabriel Udu, Bankole I. Oladapo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Biomimetics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/10/587
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author Francis T. Omigbodun
Norman Osa-Uwagboe
Amadi Gabriel Udu
Bankole I. Oladapo
author_facet Francis T. Omigbodun
Norman Osa-Uwagboe
Amadi Gabriel Udu
Bankole I. Oladapo
author_sort Francis T. Omigbodun
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the fabrication and characterisation of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds reinforced with calcium hydroxyapatite (cHAP) for bone tissue engineering applications. By varying the cHAP content, we aimed to enhance PLA scaffolds’ mechanical and thermal properties, making them suitable for load-bearing biomedical applications. The results indicate that increasing cHAP content improves the tensile and compressive strength of the scaffolds, although it also increases brittleness. Notably, incorporating cHAP at 7.5% and 10% significantly enhances thermal stability and mechanical performance, with properties comparable to or exceeding those of human cancellous bone. Furthermore, this study integrates machine learning techniques to predict the mechanical properties of these composites, employing algorithms such as XGBoost and AdaBoost. The models demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with R<sup>2</sup> scores of 0.9173 and 0.8772 for compressive and tensile strength, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of using data-driven approaches to optimise material properties autonomously, offering significant implications for developing custom-tailored scaffolds in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The study underscores the promise of PLA/cHAP composites as viable candidates for advanced biomedical applications, particularly in creating patient-specific implants with improved mechanical and thermal characteristics.
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spelling doaj-art-1f3453ebfa604e41b7b99cf1009358fa2025-08-20T02:10:58ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732024-09-0191058710.3390/biomimetics9100587Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone ImplantFrancis T. Omigbodun0Norman Osa-Uwagboe1Amadi Gabriel Udu2Bankole I. Oladapo3Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKAir Force Research and Development Centre, Nigerian Air Force Base, Kaduna PMB 2104, NigeriaSchool of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UKThis study explores the fabrication and characterisation of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds reinforced with calcium hydroxyapatite (cHAP) for bone tissue engineering applications. By varying the cHAP content, we aimed to enhance PLA scaffolds’ mechanical and thermal properties, making them suitable for load-bearing biomedical applications. The results indicate that increasing cHAP content improves the tensile and compressive strength of the scaffolds, although it also increases brittleness. Notably, incorporating cHAP at 7.5% and 10% significantly enhances thermal stability and mechanical performance, with properties comparable to or exceeding those of human cancellous bone. Furthermore, this study integrates machine learning techniques to predict the mechanical properties of these composites, employing algorithms such as XGBoost and AdaBoost. The models demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with R<sup>2</sup> scores of 0.9173 and 0.8772 for compressive and tensile strength, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of using data-driven approaches to optimise material properties autonomously, offering significant implications for developing custom-tailored scaffolds in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The study underscores the promise of PLA/cHAP composites as viable candidates for advanced biomedical applications, particularly in creating patient-specific implants with improved mechanical and thermal characteristics.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/10/587machine learningpredictive modellingdata-driven optimizationregression algorithmsartificial intelligence in biomedical engineeringadditive manufacturing
spellingShingle Francis T. Omigbodun
Norman Osa-Uwagboe
Amadi Gabriel Udu
Bankole I. Oladapo
Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant
Biomimetics
machine learning
predictive modelling
data-driven optimization
regression algorithms
artificial intelligence in biomedical engineering
additive manufacturing
title Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant
title_full Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant
title_fullStr Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant
title_full_unstemmed Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant
title_short Leveraging Machine Learning for Optimized Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing of PLA/cHAP for Bone Implant
title_sort leveraging machine learning for optimized mechanical properties and 3d printing of pla chap for bone implant
topic machine learning
predictive modelling
data-driven optimization
regression algorithms
artificial intelligence in biomedical engineering
additive manufacturing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/10/587
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AT amadigabrieludu leveragingmachinelearningforoptimizedmechanicalpropertiesand3dprintingofplachapforboneimplant
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