Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Background: Colostrum, abundant in immunoglobulins and growth factors, plays a vital role in supporting immunity. Both yak and buffalo milk are characterized by their high protein and fat content. However, the metabolomic profiles of yak colostrum (YC), buffalo colostrum (BC), and bovine colostrum (...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Yuzhuo Wang Changhui Li Jiaxiang Huang Qingkun Zeng Ling Li Pan Yang Pengjie Wang Min Chu Jie Luo Fazheng Ren Hao Zhang |
| author_facet | Yuzhuo Wang Changhui Li Jiaxiang Huang Qingkun Zeng Ling Li Pan Yang Pengjie Wang Min Chu Jie Luo Fazheng Ren Hao Zhang |
| author_sort | Yuzhuo Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Colostrum, abundant in immunoglobulins and growth factors, plays a vital role in supporting immunity. Both yak and buffalo milk are characterized by their high protein and fat content. However, the metabolomic profiles of yak colostrum (YC), buffalo colostrum (BC), and bovine colostrum (CC) remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study is to identify unique metabolites that may impact the nutritional value of colostrum. Methods: This study employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) for untargeted metabolomics analysis of YC, BC, and CC. Results: The analysis revealed 97, 70, and 75 differentially expressed metabolites in the YC-CC, BC-CC, and YC-BC comparisons, respectively. In comparison to CC, both YC and BC shared common features, including reduced choline levels and elevated O-acetylcarnitine. Moreover, metabolites such as 2-hydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid, DL-glycerol-1-phosphate, thiamine, L-carnitine, methyl β-D-galactoside, and uridine diphosphate (UDP) were identified as potential biomarkers for YC, while 21-deoxycortisol, D-synephrine, uridine, mannitol-1-phosphate, nonadecanoic acid, and perillic acid were specific to BC. Conclusions: YC has greater advantages in energy supply, antioxidant activity, immune regulation, and cell homeostasis, and BC holds unique significance in physical development and energy balance regulation. These findings provide valuable insights, enabling the selection of unique bioactive metabolites to develop targeted functional foods from colostrum, catering to diverse nutritional needs. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f2aaa6bbc4d43958d2516e3cd0b52852025-01-24T13:32:57ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-0114223210.3390/foods14020232Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MSYuzhuo Wang0Changhui Li1Jiaxiang Huang2Qingkun Zeng3Ling Li4Pan Yang5Pengjie Wang6Min Chu7Jie Luo8Fazheng Ren9Hao Zhang10College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaGuangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, ChinaGuangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, ChinaGuangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, ChinaGuangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, ChinaLanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410114, ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBackground: Colostrum, abundant in immunoglobulins and growth factors, plays a vital role in supporting immunity. Both yak and buffalo milk are characterized by their high protein and fat content. However, the metabolomic profiles of yak colostrum (YC), buffalo colostrum (BC), and bovine colostrum (CC) remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study is to identify unique metabolites that may impact the nutritional value of colostrum. Methods: This study employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) for untargeted metabolomics analysis of YC, BC, and CC. Results: The analysis revealed 97, 70, and 75 differentially expressed metabolites in the YC-CC, BC-CC, and YC-BC comparisons, respectively. In comparison to CC, both YC and BC shared common features, including reduced choline levels and elevated O-acetylcarnitine. Moreover, metabolites such as 2-hydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid, DL-glycerol-1-phosphate, thiamine, L-carnitine, methyl β-D-galactoside, and uridine diphosphate (UDP) were identified as potential biomarkers for YC, while 21-deoxycortisol, D-synephrine, uridine, mannitol-1-phosphate, nonadecanoic acid, and perillic acid were specific to BC. Conclusions: YC has greater advantages in energy supply, antioxidant activity, immune regulation, and cell homeostasis, and BC holds unique significance in physical development and energy balance regulation. These findings provide valuable insights, enabling the selection of unique bioactive metabolites to develop targeted functional foods from colostrum, catering to diverse nutritional needs.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/2/232untargeted metabolomicsyak colostrumbuffalo colostrumcow colostrumspecific milk compositioncolostrum biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Yuzhuo Wang Changhui Li Jiaxiang Huang Qingkun Zeng Ling Li Pan Yang Pengjie Wang Min Chu Jie Luo Fazheng Ren Hao Zhang Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Foods untargeted metabolomics yak colostrum buffalo colostrum cow colostrum specific milk composition colostrum biomarkers |
| title | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS |
| title_full | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS |
| title_fullStr | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS |
| title_short | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS |
| title_sort | untargeted metabolomics reveals key differences between yak buffalo and cow colostrum based on uhplc esi ms ms |
| topic | untargeted metabolomics yak colostrum buffalo colostrum cow colostrum specific milk composition colostrum biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/2/232 |
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