Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing

Abstract Background Nanjing City has a high-incidence gastric cancer (GC), but the epidemiology of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, GPLs, and GCs in patient...

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Main Authors: Chunyan Niu, Yongqiang Song, Yue Chen, Yongqiang Shi, Hui Wang, Xinguo Wu, Xiaoping Wang, Xiangyang Zhao, Yongdan Bu, Jijin Li, Tao Tao, Jinhua Wu, Changlin Xue, Fuyu Zhang, Chunrong Han, Juan Yuan, Qiang Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11147-3
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author Chunyan Niu
Yongqiang Song
Yue Chen
Yongqiang Shi
Hui Wang
Xinguo Wu
Xiaoping Wang
Xiangyang Zhao
Yongdan Bu
Jijin Li
Tao Tao
Jinhua Wu
Changlin Xue
Fuyu Zhang
Chunrong Han
Juan Yuan
Qiang Zhang
author_facet Chunyan Niu
Yongqiang Song
Yue Chen
Yongqiang Shi
Hui Wang
Xinguo Wu
Xiaoping Wang
Xiangyang Zhao
Yongdan Bu
Jijin Li
Tao Tao
Jinhua Wu
Changlin Xue
Fuyu Zhang
Chunrong Han
Juan Yuan
Qiang Zhang
author_sort Chunyan Niu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Nanjing City has a high-incidence gastric cancer (GC), but the epidemiology of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, GPLs, and GCs in patients undergoing endoscopic examination in Lishui District, Nanjing. Methods This retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted collaboratively by the Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital and six medical community units within the county between July 2022 and June 2023. Data on biopsies and 13C urea breath tests (13C-UBT) were collected. Results A total of 15,668 individuals were included, among whom 259 had GPL (1.65%) and 218 had GC (1.39%). The H. pylori infection rate in total patients was 5014 (32.00%) (males: 2684 (34.06%); females: 2335 (29.92%)). The H. pylori infection rate is 31.45% in benign gastric lesions, 44.40% in GPLs, and 55.50% in GC, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR = 3.156, 95% CI: 2.865–3.376, P < 0.001), age (OR = 1.785, 95% CI: 1.703–1.876, P < 0.001), fresh vegetable, fruit, and white meat intake frequently (OR = 0.865, 95% CI: 0.506–2.061, P = 0.029), high-salt diet and high-fat diet intake frequently (OR = 1.906, 95% CI: 1.101–2.932, P = 0.014), rural residence (OR = 2.682, 95% CI: 1.010–4.754, P = 0.040), H. pylori infection (OR = 2.022, 95% CI: 1.155–2.865, P < 0.001) and atrophic gastritis and/or intestinal metaplasia (OR = 4.875, 95% CI: 2.229–10.663, P < 0.001) were associated with GPLs. Male (OR = 2.021, 95% CI: 1.080–3.780, P = 2.028), age (OR = 1.201, 95% CI: 1.174–1.238, P < 0.001), digestive symptoms (OR = 2.256, 95% CI: 1.548–3.289, P < 0.001), bachelor degree below (OR = 4.792, 95% CI: 3.439–6.837, P < 0.001), farmer (OR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.026–1.159, P < 0.001), fresh vegetable, fruit, and white meat intake (OR = 0.231, 95% CI: 0.141–0.379, P < 0.001), fried/barbecue/pickled food intake (OR = 6.781, 95% CI: 3.783–12.153, P < 0.001), high-salt diet and high-fat diet intake (OR = 4.374, 95% CI: 2.363–8.097, P < 0.001), rural residence (OR = 1.230, 95% CI: 1.121–1.437, P < 0.001), H. pylori infection (OR = 3.248, 95% CI: 2.357–4.477, P < 0.001) and atrophic gastritis and/or intestinal metaplasia (OR = 4.875, 95% CI: 2.636–9.016, P < 0.001) were associated with GCs. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted prevention strategies and early detection programs in high-risk populations to mitigate the burden of GPLs and GCs in Nanjing.
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spelling doaj-art-1f27d84497954948ae9fee8b2a8f6d522025-08-20T03:16:40ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-05-0125111610.1186/s12879-025-11147-3Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in NanjingChunyan Niu0Yongqiang Song1Yue Chen2Yongqiang Shi3Hui Wang4Xinguo Wu5Xiaoping Wang6Xiangyang Zhao7Yongdan Bu8Jijin Li9Tao Tao10Jinhua Wu11Changlin Xue12Fuyu Zhang13Chunrong Han14Juan Yuan15Qiang Zhang16Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Dongping Street Health Center in Nanjing Lishui DistrictJingqiao Central Health Center in Nanjing Lishui DistrictHonglan Street Health Center in Nanjing Lishui DistrictShiqiu Central Health Center in Nanjing Lishui DistrictBaima Central Health Center in Nanjing Lishui DistrictYongyang Street Community Health Service Center in Nanjing Lishui DistrictDepartment of Pathology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Pathology, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital (Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University)Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital (The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University)Abstract Background Nanjing City has a high-incidence gastric cancer (GC), but the epidemiology of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, GPLs, and GCs in patients undergoing endoscopic examination in Lishui District, Nanjing. Methods This retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted collaboratively by the Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital and six medical community units within the county between July 2022 and June 2023. Data on biopsies and 13C urea breath tests (13C-UBT) were collected. Results A total of 15,668 individuals were included, among whom 259 had GPL (1.65%) and 218 had GC (1.39%). The H. pylori infection rate in total patients was 5014 (32.00%) (males: 2684 (34.06%); females: 2335 (29.92%)). The H. pylori infection rate is 31.45% in benign gastric lesions, 44.40% in GPLs, and 55.50% in GC, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR = 3.156, 95% CI: 2.865–3.376, P < 0.001), age (OR = 1.785, 95% CI: 1.703–1.876, P < 0.001), fresh vegetable, fruit, and white meat intake frequently (OR = 0.865, 95% CI: 0.506–2.061, P = 0.029), high-salt diet and high-fat diet intake frequently (OR = 1.906, 95% CI: 1.101–2.932, P = 0.014), rural residence (OR = 2.682, 95% CI: 1.010–4.754, P = 0.040), H. pylori infection (OR = 2.022, 95% CI: 1.155–2.865, P < 0.001) and atrophic gastritis and/or intestinal metaplasia (OR = 4.875, 95% CI: 2.229–10.663, P < 0.001) were associated with GPLs. Male (OR = 2.021, 95% CI: 1.080–3.780, P = 2.028), age (OR = 1.201, 95% CI: 1.174–1.238, P < 0.001), digestive symptoms (OR = 2.256, 95% CI: 1.548–3.289, P < 0.001), bachelor degree below (OR = 4.792, 95% CI: 3.439–6.837, P < 0.001), farmer (OR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.026–1.159, P < 0.001), fresh vegetable, fruit, and white meat intake (OR = 0.231, 95% CI: 0.141–0.379, P < 0.001), fried/barbecue/pickled food intake (OR = 6.781, 95% CI: 3.783–12.153, P < 0.001), high-salt diet and high-fat diet intake (OR = 4.374, 95% CI: 2.363–8.097, P < 0.001), rural residence (OR = 1.230, 95% CI: 1.121–1.437, P < 0.001), H. pylori infection (OR = 3.248, 95% CI: 2.357–4.477, P < 0.001) and atrophic gastritis and/or intestinal metaplasia (OR = 4.875, 95% CI: 2.636–9.016, P < 0.001) were associated with GCs. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted prevention strategies and early detection programs in high-risk populations to mitigate the burden of GPLs and GCs in Nanjing.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11147-3Gastroscopy examinationGastric precancerous lesionsGastric cancerHelicobacter pylori infectionScreeningRetrospective cross-sectional study
spellingShingle Chunyan Niu
Yongqiang Song
Yue Chen
Yongqiang Shi
Hui Wang
Xinguo Wu
Xiaoping Wang
Xiangyang Zhao
Yongdan Bu
Jijin Li
Tao Tao
Jinhua Wu
Changlin Xue
Fuyu Zhang
Chunrong Han
Juan Yuan
Qiang Zhang
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing
BMC Infectious Diseases
Gastroscopy examination
Gastric precancerous lesions
Gastric cancer
Helicobacter pylori infection
Screening
Retrospective cross-sectional study
title Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing
title_full Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing
title_fullStr Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing
title_short Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing
title_sort epidemiology of helicobacter pylori gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer a multicenter population based cross sectional study in nanjing
topic Gastroscopy examination
Gastric precancerous lesions
Gastric cancer
Helicobacter pylori infection
Screening
Retrospective cross-sectional study
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11147-3
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