Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling System
The energy consumption of data center cooling systems is rapidly increasing, necessitating urgent improvements in cooling system performance. This study investigates a pump-driven two-phase cooling system (PTCS) utilizing a parallel-flow heat exchanger (PFHE) as an evaporator, positioned at the rear...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/4/923 |
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| author | Hao Cheng Tongzhi Yang Quan Cheng Yifan Zhao Leixin Wang Weixing Yuan |
| author_facet | Hao Cheng Tongzhi Yang Quan Cheng Yifan Zhao Leixin Wang Weixing Yuan |
| author_sort | Hao Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The energy consumption of data center cooling systems is rapidly increasing, necessitating urgent improvements in cooling system performance. This study investigates a pump-driven two-phase cooling system (PTCS) utilizing a parallel-flow heat exchanger (PFHE) as an evaporator, positioned at the rear of server cabinets. The findings indicate that enhancing the vapor quality at the PFHE outlet improves the overall cooling performance. However, airflow non-uniformity induces premature localized overheating, restricting further increases in vapor quality. For PFHEs operating with a two-phase outlet condition, inlet air temperature non-uniformity has a relatively minor impact on the cooling capacity but significantly affects the drop in pressure. Specifically, higher upstream air temperatures increase the pressure drop by 7%, whereas higher downstream air temperatures reduce it by 7.7%. The implementation of multi-pass configurations effectively mitigates localized overheating caused by airflow non-uniformity, suppresses the decline in cooling capacity, and enhances the operational vapor quality of the cooling system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f25ca79d6834033be6cd9c6d0d14aa9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f25ca79d6834033be6cd9c6d0d14aa92025-08-20T03:12:20ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-0118492310.3390/en18040923Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling SystemHao Cheng0Tongzhi Yang1Quan Cheng2Yifan Zhao3Leixin Wang4Weixing Yuan5School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Aeronautical Engine, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450015, ChinaSchool of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaThe energy consumption of data center cooling systems is rapidly increasing, necessitating urgent improvements in cooling system performance. This study investigates a pump-driven two-phase cooling system (PTCS) utilizing a parallel-flow heat exchanger (PFHE) as an evaporator, positioned at the rear of server cabinets. The findings indicate that enhancing the vapor quality at the PFHE outlet improves the overall cooling performance. However, airflow non-uniformity induces premature localized overheating, restricting further increases in vapor quality. For PFHEs operating with a two-phase outlet condition, inlet air temperature non-uniformity has a relatively minor impact on the cooling capacity but significantly affects the drop in pressure. Specifically, higher upstream air temperatures increase the pressure drop by 7%, whereas higher downstream air temperatures reduce it by 7.7%. The implementation of multi-pass configurations effectively mitigates localized overheating caused by airflow non-uniformity, suppresses the decline in cooling capacity, and enhances the operational vapor quality of the cooling system.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/4/923non-uniform airflowtwo-phase coolingparallel-flow heat exchangerserver rackthermal characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Hao Cheng Tongzhi Yang Quan Cheng Yifan Zhao Leixin Wang Weixing Yuan Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling System Energies non-uniform airflow two-phase cooling parallel-flow heat exchanger server rack thermal characteristics |
| title | Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling System |
| title_full | Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling System |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling System |
| title_short | Influence of Non-Uniform Airflow on Two-Phase Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger in Data Cabinet Cooling System |
| title_sort | influence of non uniform airflow on two phase parallel flow heat exchanger in data cabinet cooling system |
| topic | non-uniform airflow two-phase cooling parallel-flow heat exchanger server rack thermal characteristics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/4/923 |
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