Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients
BackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe infectious disease caused by Aspergillus spp. It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients, as well as in those with COVID-19 pneumonia or critically ill individuals in intensive care units (ICUs). Accur...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1587227/full |
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| author | Qiangsheng Feng Xiaoqin Ha Yuejuan Song |
| author_facet | Qiangsheng Feng Xiaoqin Ha Yuejuan Song |
| author_sort | Qiangsheng Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe infectious disease caused by Aspergillus spp. It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients, as well as in those with COVID-19 pneumonia or critically ill individuals in intensive care units (ICUs). Accurate clinical diagnosis remains a significant challenge, often resulting in missed diagnoses.MethodsThis study evaluated IPA inpatients diagnosed through mycological evidence and clinical criteria over 12 months. Inclusion criteria required at least one positive mycological result, including a positive culture from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or high-quality sputum, or a positive galactomannan antigen (GM) test.ResultsA total of 216 patients were diagnosed with IPA, with a mortality rate of 68.5%. Hematologic malignancies were the primary underlying condition in 33.8% of cases. Voriconazole or posaconazole was used in 45% (98/216) of patients overall, but only 26% (32/121) of non-hematologic malignancy patients received these treatments. The 28-day survival rate for patients treated with Voriconazole/Posaconazole was 0.776 ± 0.038, compared to 0.421 ± 0.043 for untreated patients. Median survival was 130 days (95% CI, 35.3–224.7) for treated patients vs. 20 days (95% CI, 15.8–24.2) for untreated patients (p < 0.001). Biomarkers for IPA diagnosis demonstrated high diagnostic value, with area under the curve (AUC) values for GM, G, PCT, IL-6, WBC, NEU%, and D-dimer of 0.953, 0.983, 1.000, 0.999, 0.961, 0.996, and 1.000, respectively. GM levels >0.5 pg/ml had a positive predictive value of 52.9% (27/51), while positive mycological culture had a predictive value of 46.5% (33/71). Multivariable regression analysis identified several significant factors associated with in-hospital mortality: IPA (OR 7.509, 95% CI 4.227–13.339, p < 0.001), Voriconazole/Posaconazole treatment (OR 0.124, 95% CI 0.063–0.242, p < 0.001), ICU hospitalization (OR 5.280, 95% CI 1.549–18.002, p = 0.008), hematologic malignancy (OR 0.316, 95% CI 0.174–0.573, p < 0.001), and NEU% ≥87.25% (OR 3.409, 95% CI 1.455–7.990, p = 0.005).ConclusionNon-hematologic malignancy patients with IPA were frequently undertreated with antifungal therapy. A comprehensive diagnostic approach using biomarkers, CT, mycological evidence is crucial. Key risk factors for mortality include lack of Voriconazole/Posaconazole treatment, IPA diagnosis, ICU admission, non-hematologic malignancies, and elevated NEU%. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f161ef24dcc4fc8929b5d9cb62a1b1f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f161ef24dcc4fc8929b5d9cb62a1b1f2025-08-20T02:19:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-05-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15872271587227Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patientsQiangsheng FengXiaoqin HaYuejuan SongBackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe infectious disease caused by Aspergillus spp. It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients, as well as in those with COVID-19 pneumonia or critically ill individuals in intensive care units (ICUs). Accurate clinical diagnosis remains a significant challenge, often resulting in missed diagnoses.MethodsThis study evaluated IPA inpatients diagnosed through mycological evidence and clinical criteria over 12 months. Inclusion criteria required at least one positive mycological result, including a positive culture from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or high-quality sputum, or a positive galactomannan antigen (GM) test.ResultsA total of 216 patients were diagnosed with IPA, with a mortality rate of 68.5%. Hematologic malignancies were the primary underlying condition in 33.8% of cases. Voriconazole or posaconazole was used in 45% (98/216) of patients overall, but only 26% (32/121) of non-hematologic malignancy patients received these treatments. The 28-day survival rate for patients treated with Voriconazole/Posaconazole was 0.776 ± 0.038, compared to 0.421 ± 0.043 for untreated patients. Median survival was 130 days (95% CI, 35.3–224.7) for treated patients vs. 20 days (95% CI, 15.8–24.2) for untreated patients (p < 0.001). Biomarkers for IPA diagnosis demonstrated high diagnostic value, with area under the curve (AUC) values for GM, G, PCT, IL-6, WBC, NEU%, and D-dimer of 0.953, 0.983, 1.000, 0.999, 0.961, 0.996, and 1.000, respectively. GM levels >0.5 pg/ml had a positive predictive value of 52.9% (27/51), while positive mycological culture had a predictive value of 46.5% (33/71). Multivariable regression analysis identified several significant factors associated with in-hospital mortality: IPA (OR 7.509, 95% CI 4.227–13.339, p < 0.001), Voriconazole/Posaconazole treatment (OR 0.124, 95% CI 0.063–0.242, p < 0.001), ICU hospitalization (OR 5.280, 95% CI 1.549–18.002, p = 0.008), hematologic malignancy (OR 0.316, 95% CI 0.174–0.573, p < 0.001), and NEU% ≥87.25% (OR 3.409, 95% CI 1.455–7.990, p = 0.005).ConclusionNon-hematologic malignancy patients with IPA were frequently undertreated with antifungal therapy. A comprehensive diagnostic approach using biomarkers, CT, mycological evidence is crucial. Key risk factors for mortality include lack of Voriconazole/Posaconazole treatment, IPA diagnosis, ICU admission, non-hematologic malignancies, and elevated NEU%.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1587227/fullIPAclinical characteristicssurvival analysisbiomarkersmortality |
| spellingShingle | Qiangsheng Feng Xiaoqin Ha Yuejuan Song Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients Frontiers in Microbiology IPA clinical characteristics survival analysis biomarkers mortality |
| title | Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients |
| title_full | Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients |
| title_short | Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients |
| title_sort | evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients |
| topic | IPA clinical characteristics survival analysis biomarkers mortality |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1587227/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qiangshengfeng evaluationoftheclinicalcharacteristicsandsurvivaloutcomesofinvasivepulmonaryaspergillosispatients AT xiaoqinha evaluationoftheclinicalcharacteristicsandsurvivaloutcomesofinvasivepulmonaryaspergillosispatients AT yuejuansong evaluationoftheclinicalcharacteristicsandsurvivaloutcomesofinvasivepulmonaryaspergillosispatients |