Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive Decline
<b>Background:</b> Prior studies have shown an association between jugular venous reflux and age-related neurological conditions, including cognitive decline and potentially incident dementia. However, a relationship between internal jugular vein (IJV) outflow disturbance and cognitive i...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Jiu-Haw Yin Nai-Fang Chi Wen-Yung Sheng Pei-Ning Wang Yueh-Feng Sung Giia-Sheun Peng Han-Hwa Hu |
| author_facet | Jiu-Haw Yin Nai-Fang Chi Wen-Yung Sheng Pei-Ning Wang Yueh-Feng Sung Giia-Sheun Peng Han-Hwa Hu |
| author_sort | Jiu-Haw Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Prior studies have shown an association between jugular venous reflux and age-related neurological conditions, including cognitive decline and potentially incident dementia. However, a relationship between internal jugular vein (IJV) outflow disturbance and cognitive impairment has yet to be elucidated. This study evaluates the relationship between impaired IJV drainage and cognitive function. <b>Methods</b>: We recruited a prospective sample of 106 participants with subjective memory complaints. Subjects underwent neuropsychological assessments and ultrasound examination of IJV, including time-averaged mean velocity (TAMV) and the cross-sectional area of the IJV at the middle (J2) and distal (J3) segments. Impaired IJV drainage was defined by either of the following: (1) TAMV < 4 cm/s at the J2 or J3 segment on either side, or (2) IJV lumen collapse during inspiration at the J2 segment on either side. <b>Results</b>: The impaired cognition group had a significantly higher prevalence of both impaired flow velocity and impaired IJV drainage compared to the normal cognition group (34% vs. 16%, <i>p</i> = 0.032; 68% vs. 30%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, the impaired IJV drainage group demonstrated lower scores across all neuropsychological tests, with statistical significance observed in the Mini-Mental State Examination (median (IQR) 27 vs. 29, <i>p</i> = 0.013), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (median (IQR) 23 vs. 26, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Chinese Version of the Verbal Learning Test (median (IQR) 23.5 vs. 27, <i>p</i> = 0.024). Notably, incorporating IJV lumen collapse during deep inspiration into the definition of impaired IJV drainage further increased its prevalence in the impaired cognition group. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results revealed that the impaired cognition group exhibited a higher prevalence of impaired outflow in the bilateral IJV, while the impaired IJV drainage group scored lower on all neuropsychological tests compared to the normal group. These findings support the hypothesis that impaired IJV drainage is correlated with global cognitive decline. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f108700c0bd4cd587faf3cd6faab168 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-1f108700c0bd4cd587faf3cd6faab1682025-08-20T02:33:01ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011511142710.3390/diagnostics15111427Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive DeclineJiu-Haw Yin0Nai-Fang Chi1Wen-Yung Sheng2Pei-Ning Wang3Yueh-Feng Sung4Giia-Sheun Peng5Han-Hwa Hu6Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City 310403, TaiwanNeurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, TaiwanNeurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, TaiwanNeurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan<b>Background:</b> Prior studies have shown an association between jugular venous reflux and age-related neurological conditions, including cognitive decline and potentially incident dementia. However, a relationship between internal jugular vein (IJV) outflow disturbance and cognitive impairment has yet to be elucidated. This study evaluates the relationship between impaired IJV drainage and cognitive function. <b>Methods</b>: We recruited a prospective sample of 106 participants with subjective memory complaints. Subjects underwent neuropsychological assessments and ultrasound examination of IJV, including time-averaged mean velocity (TAMV) and the cross-sectional area of the IJV at the middle (J2) and distal (J3) segments. Impaired IJV drainage was defined by either of the following: (1) TAMV < 4 cm/s at the J2 or J3 segment on either side, or (2) IJV lumen collapse during inspiration at the J2 segment on either side. <b>Results</b>: The impaired cognition group had a significantly higher prevalence of both impaired flow velocity and impaired IJV drainage compared to the normal cognition group (34% vs. 16%, <i>p</i> = 0.032; 68% vs. 30%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, the impaired IJV drainage group demonstrated lower scores across all neuropsychological tests, with statistical significance observed in the Mini-Mental State Examination (median (IQR) 27 vs. 29, <i>p</i> = 0.013), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (median (IQR) 23 vs. 26, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Chinese Version of the Verbal Learning Test (median (IQR) 23.5 vs. 27, <i>p</i> = 0.024). Notably, incorporating IJV lumen collapse during deep inspiration into the definition of impaired IJV drainage further increased its prevalence in the impaired cognition group. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results revealed that the impaired cognition group exhibited a higher prevalence of impaired outflow in the bilateral IJV, while the impaired IJV drainage group scored lower on all neuropsychological tests compared to the normal group. These findings support the hypothesis that impaired IJV drainage is correlated with global cognitive decline.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1427internal jugular veininternal jugular venous insufficiencycognitive impairmentneuropsychological examinationultrasonography |
| spellingShingle | Jiu-Haw Yin Nai-Fang Chi Wen-Yung Sheng Pei-Ning Wang Yueh-Feng Sung Giia-Sheun Peng Han-Hwa Hu Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive Decline Diagnostics internal jugular vein internal jugular venous insufficiency cognitive impairment neuropsychological examination ultrasonography |
| title | Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive Decline |
| title_full | Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive Decline |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive Decline |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive Decline |
| title_short | Ultrasound Evaluation of Internal Jugular Venous Insufficiency and Its Association with Cognitive Decline |
| title_sort | ultrasound evaluation of internal jugular venous insufficiency and its association with cognitive decline |
| topic | internal jugular vein internal jugular venous insufficiency cognitive impairment neuropsychological examination ultrasonography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1427 |
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